{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152915280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3488900","title":"Model\u2010based calculations of off\u2010axis ratio of conic beams for a dedicated 6 MV radiosurgery unit","display_name":"Model\u2010based calculations of off\u2010axis ratio of conic beams for a dedicated 6 MV radiosurgery unit","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152915280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3488900","mag":"2152915280","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21089780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.3488900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3488900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3488900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118983694","display_name":"J. N. Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. N. Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. jamesyang@mdanderson.org","Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. jamesyang@mdanderson.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068845250","display_name":"Xuanfeng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-6278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-6278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156427","display_name":"ProCure (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdebn34","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156427"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Current address: Oklahoma Proton Therapy Center, ProCure Treatment Centers, Oklahoma City, OK 73142","Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Current address: Oklahoma Proton Therapy Center, ProCure Treatment Centers, Oklahoma City, OK 73142","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156427"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101899863","display_name":"Wei Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-6704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-6704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343551460","display_name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04twxam07","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102885698","display_name":"Ramiro Pino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-5201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4304-5201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295876152","display_name":"Houston Methodist","ror":"https://ror.org/027zt9171","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Pino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295876152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118983694"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343551460"],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6128,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72065842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"10","first_page":"5442","last_page":"5447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-axis-ratio","display_name":"off-axis ratio","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotactic-radiosurgery","display_name":"stereotactic radiosurgery","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6-mv-photon-beam","display_name":"6 MV photon beam","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penumbra","display_name":"penumbra","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-dosimetry","display_name":"film dosimetry","score":0.984000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75088862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081","display_name":"Dosimetry","level":2,"score":0.7461088299751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780387249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973234","display_name":"Radiosurgery","level":3,"score":0.7223728895187378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.7173718214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5870343446731567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781266606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900499","display_name":"Monitor unit","level":2,"score":0.5584017634391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5570003986358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5441814661026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.483891099691391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.46491438150405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34445779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571347","display_name":"Collimated light","level":3,"score":0.46219947934150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108598597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124255","display_name":"Conic section","level":2,"score":0.4335811734199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.4314260482788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151337348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215313","display_name":"Absorbed dose","level":3,"score":0.4236082136631012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.38781192898750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.3058394491672516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15487366914749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.150098979473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10786539316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09898322820663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08557677268981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001932","descriptor_name":"Brain Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005373","descriptor_name":"Film Dosimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016634","descriptor_name":"Radiosurgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055592","descriptor_name":"Biophysical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.3488900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3488900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3488900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21089780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21089780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606049780","https://openalex.org/W1967798147","https://openalex.org/W1971297756","https://openalex.org/W1975081105","https://openalex.org/W1980268171","https://openalex.org/W1981196781","https://openalex.org/W2004425829","https://openalex.org/W2016066255","https://openalex.org/W2028204176","https://openalex.org/W2032558818","https://openalex.org/W2037185998","https://openalex.org/W2044617178","https://openalex.org/W2046966273","https://openalex.org/W2047352699","https://openalex.org/W2054182996","https://openalex.org/W2056534516","https://openalex.org/W2060549055","https://openalex.org/W2064419667","https://openalex.org/W2067126010","https://openalex.org/W2070048761","https://openalex.org/W2073955944","https://openalex.org/W2082374579","https://openalex.org/W2083417191","https://openalex.org/W2087317597","https://openalex.org/W2102904513","https://openalex.org/W2155111756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040725951","https://openalex.org/W2037185998","https://openalex.org/W7205014341","https://openalex.org/W2070225827","https://openalex.org/W1585136131","https://openalex.org/W2028702396","https://openalex.org/W2044988359","https://openalex.org/W2322385487","https://openalex.org/W2047661109","https://openalex.org/W4391852098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Because":[1],"the":[2,39,53,59,76,79,124,127,180,193,223,257,265,288,291,295],"small-radius":[3],"photon":[4,157],"beams":[5,31],"shaped":[6],"by":[7],"cones":[8,212],"in":[9,115,155,261,273,276],"stereotactic":[10,230],"radiosurgery":[11],"(SRS)":[12],"lack":[13],"lateral":[14],"electronic":[15],"equilibrium":[16],"and":[17,105,112,119,126,147,176,179,234,243,275],"a":[18,44,64,96,116,305],"detector's":[19],"finite":[20],"cross":[21],"section,":[22],"direct":[23,246,326],"experimental":[24],"measurement":[25,247,327],"of":[26,43,145,151,245],"dosimetric":[27,54,107,318],"data":[28,55,108,248,266,319],"for":[29,67,132,169,182,187,204,210,249,329],"these":[30,250,254],"can":[32,321],"be":[33,322],"subject":[34],"to":[35,71,85,100,167,198,201,217,324],"large":[36],"uncertainties.":[37],"As":[38],"dose":[40,104,154,185],"calculation":[41,81],"accuracy":[42],"treatment":[45],"planning":[46],"system":[47],"largely":[48],"depends":[49],"on":[50,143],"how":[51],"well":[52],"are":[56],"measured":[57,73,87,128,227,267,303],"during":[58],"machine's":[60],"commissioning,":[61],"there":[62],"is":[63],"critical":[65],"need":[66,181],"an":[68,83,269],"independent":[69,244],"method":[70],"validate":[72,86,325],"results.":[74],"Therefore,":[75],"authors":[77,93,194,224,292],"studied":[78],"model-based":[80],"as":[82,287],"approach":[84],"off-axis":[88],"ratios":[89],"(OARs).":[90],"METHODS:":[91],"The":[92,139,238,271,311],"previously":[94],"used":[95,323],"two-component":[97],"analytical":[98],"model":[99,140,200,312],"calculate":[101,202],"central":[102,129],"axis":[103,130],"associated":[106],"(e.g.,":[109],"scatter":[110,184],"factors":[111],"tissue-maximum":[113],"ratio)":[114],"water":[117],"phantom":[118],"found":[120,293],"excellent":[121,262],"agreement":[122,263],"between":[123,174],"calculated":[125,209,239,258,296],"doses":[131],"small":[133],"6":[134],"MV":[135],"SRS":[136],"conic":[137,205,255,316],"beams.":[138,189,206,251,331],"was":[141,165],"based":[142],"that":[144,294,320],"Nizin":[146],"Mooij":[148],"[\"An":[149],"approximation":[150],"central-axis":[152],"absorbed":[153],"narrow":[156,177],"beams,\"":[158],"Med.":[159],"Phys.":[160],"24,":[161],"1775-1780":[162],"(1997)]":[163],"but":[164],"extended":[166],"account":[168],"apparent":[170],"attenuation,":[171],"spectral":[172],"differences":[173],"broad":[175],"beams,":[178,256],"stricter":[183],"calculations":[186],"clinical":[188],"In":[190],"this":[191,199],"study,":[192],"applied":[195],"Clarkson":[196],"integration":[197],"OARs":[203,207,228,259,286,297],"were":[208,241,260,279,298],"selected":[211],"with":[213,264,304],"radii":[214,274],"from":[215],"0.2":[216],"1.0":[218],"cm.":[219],"To":[220],"allow":[221],"comparisons,":[222],"also":[225],"directly":[226],"using":[229,268],"diode":[231],"(SFD),":[232],"microchamber,":[233],"film":[235,308],"dosimetry":[236],"techniques.":[237],"results":[240,328],"machine-specific":[242],"RESULTS:":[252],"For":[253],"SFD.":[270],"discrepancies":[272],"80%-20%":[277],"penumbra":[278],"within":[280],"0.01":[281],"cm,":[282],"respectively.":[283],"Using":[284],"SFD-measured":[285],"reference":[289],"data,":[290],"more":[299],"accurate":[300,315],"than":[301],"those":[302],"microchamber":[306],"or":[307],"dosimetry.":[309],"CONCLUSIONS:":[310],"produces":[313],"sufficiently":[314],"beam":[317],"such":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
