{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152907221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","title":"Defining Early Adolescent Childbearing","display_name":"Defining Early Adolescent Childbearing","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152907221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","mag":"2152907221","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11772775","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1447401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1447401","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108481960","display_name":"MAUREEN GLENNON PHIPPS","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maureen G. Phipps","raw_affiliation_strings":["At the time of the study, Maureen G. Phipps was with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MaryFran Sowers is with the Department of Epidemiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of the study, Maureen G. Phipps was with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MaryFran Sowers is with the Department of Epidemiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109162694","display_name":"MaryFran R Sowers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MaryFran Sowers","raw_affiliation_strings":["At the time of the study, Maureen G. Phipps was with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MaryFran Sowers is with the Department of Epidemiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of the study, Maureen G. Phipps was with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MaryFran Sowers is with the Department of Epidemiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.0373,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99106303,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"1","first_page":"125","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.8925999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10327","display_name":"Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health","score":0.8925999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.027799999341368675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-definition","display_name":"case definition","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-age","display_name":"maternal age","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-mortality","display_name":"infant mortality","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-low-birth-weight","display_name":"very low birth weight","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-preterm-birth","display_name":"very preterm birth","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-birth-outcomes","display_name":"adverse birth outcomes","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7593463659286499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.7066051959991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117354338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165112","display_name":"Singleton","level":3,"score":0.6615086793899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5326670408248901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779083892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692979","display_name":"Low birth weight","level":3,"score":0.5053558945655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.4769686162471771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112299071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835884","display_name":"Infant mortality","level":3,"score":0.4448454976081848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.42610424757003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4203588366508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37512671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203516","display_name":"Birth rate","level":4,"score":0.4100877642631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.3888183534145355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.38701117038726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3463854193687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518429986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Fertility","level":3,"score":0.31879347562789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.09887084364891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001719","descriptor_name":"Birth Certificates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007226","descriptor_name":"Infant Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007234","descriptor_name":"Infant, Premature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007752","descriptor_name":"Obstetric Labor, Premature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008423","descriptor_name":"Maternal Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011253","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy in Adolescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011256","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011295","descriptor_name":"Prenatal Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019102","descriptor_name":"Infant, Very Low Birth Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.1.125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168049282","display_name":"American Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"0090-0036","issn":["0090-0036","0271-4353","1541-0048","2330-9687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320277","host_organization_name":"American Public Health Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320277"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Public Health Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1447401","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1447401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:11772775","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11772775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of public health","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1447401","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1447401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41088881","https://openalex.org/W195085199","https://openalex.org/W1986614589","https://openalex.org/W1987167940","https://openalex.org/W1989102936","https://openalex.org/W1995713176","https://openalex.org/W2014651948","https://openalex.org/W2032661634","https://openalex.org/W2045203310","https://openalex.org/W2059733986","https://openalex.org/W2089650072","https://openalex.org/W2090807442","https://openalex.org/W2092783190","https://openalex.org/W2096548921","https://openalex.org/W2164570440","https://openalex.org/W2171434842","https://openalex.org/W2180724577","https://openalex.org/W2281829620","https://openalex.org/W2305232586","https://openalex.org/W4300998997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1920519104","https://openalex.org/W2605295759","https://openalex.org/W1986078427","https://openalex.org/W4200281336","https://openalex.org/W2090807442","https://openalex.org/W1987167940","https://openalex.org/W3169335587","https://openalex.org/W1979568142","https://openalex.org/W4312537822","https://openalex.org/W2791691772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"determined":[3],"the":[4,8,62,88,93,120,137],"age":[5],"group":[6],"for":[7,44],"case":[9,121],"definition":[10,122],"of":[11,18,26,69,95,123,155],"early":[12,124,161],"adolescent":[13,125,162],"childbearing":[14,163],"based":[15],"on":[16],"rates":[17,25],"adverse":[19],"clinical":[20],"outcomes.":[21],"METHODS:":[22],"We":[23],"examined":[24],"infant":[27,70],"mortality,":[28,71],"very":[29,35,72,76],"low":[30,73],"birthweight":[31],"(<1500":[32],"g),":[33],"and":[34,75,101,113,147],"preterm":[36,77],"delivery":[37,78],"(<32":[38],"weeks)":[39],"per":[40],"1000":[41],"live":[42],"births":[43,49],"all":[45,85],"US":[46,64,140],"singleton":[47],"first":[48],"(n":[50],"=":[51],"768":[52],"029)":[53],"to":[54,58,103,118],"women":[55],"aged":[56],"12":[57],"23":[59],"years":[60,112,172],"in":[61],"1995":[63],"birth":[65,97,156,169],"cohort.":[66],"RESULTS:":[67],"Rates":[68],"birthweight,":[74],"were":[79,115,130,134],"graphed":[80],"by":[81,136],"maternal":[82],"age.":[83],"In":[84],"3":[86,138],"cases,":[87],"inflection":[89,128],"point":[90],"below":[91],"which":[92],"rate":[94],"poor":[96],"outcome":[98],"is":[99,105,164],"lower":[100],"begins":[102],"stabilize":[104],"at":[106,170],"16":[107],"years;":[108],"therefore,":[109],"mothers":[110],"15":[111,171],"younger":[114],"grouped":[116],"together":[117],"determine":[119],"childbearing.":[126],"The":[127],"points":[129],"similar":[131],"when":[132],"outcomes":[133],"stratified":[135],"largest":[139],"racial/ethnic":[141],"groups":[142],"(non-Hispanic":[143],"White,":[144],"non-Hispanic":[145],"Black,":[146],"Mexican":[148],"American).":[149],"CONCLUSIONS:":[150],"From":[151],"this":[152],"population-based":[153],"analysis":[154],"outcomes,":[157],"we":[158],"conclude":[159],"that":[160],"best":[165],"defined":[166],"as":[167],"giving":[168],"or":[173],"younger.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
