{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152632927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","title":"Virtual organizing as a strategy for the \"big six\" to stay competitive in a global market","display_name":"Virtual organizing as a strategy for the \"big six\" to stay competitive in a global market","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152632927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","mag":"2152632927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195248","display_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","issn_l":"1530-1605","issn":["1530-1605","2572-6862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006463853","display_name":"Pascal Sieber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-0141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-0141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Sieber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Systems, University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Systems, University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031491435","display_name":"Joachim Griese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Griese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Systems, University of Bern, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Systems, University of Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91893688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"381","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12594","display_name":"Collaboration in agile enterprises","score":0.7333999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12594","display_name":"Collaboration in agile enterprises","score":0.7333999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":0.14229999482631683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"competitive advantage","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"virtualization","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-advantage","display_name":"cost advantage","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.7017260193824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.6865492463111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.6057149767875671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5847119092941284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.569101870059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4986116886138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32605310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148949","display_name":"Virtuality (gaming)","level":2,"score":0.47552207112312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780215875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4906718","display_name":"Big business","level":2,"score":0.4689241051673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.44122105836868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776617455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267837","display_name":"Big Four","level":3,"score":0.4392234683036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16051113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828814","display_name":"Market share","level":2,"score":0.4140665829181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3256206512451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3080633878707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23903784155845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23875033855438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.18259897828102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10555684566497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.09855416417121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.1997.661650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195248","display_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","issn_l":"1530-1605","issn":["1530-1605","2572-6862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2439649243","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=938628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195248","display_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","issn_l":"1530-1605","issn":["1530-1605","2572-6862"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65933286","https://openalex.org/W112153850","https://openalex.org/W145808439","https://openalex.org/W597164157","https://openalex.org/W1496074030","https://openalex.org/W1557638806","https://openalex.org/W1562006291","https://openalex.org/W1566172004","https://openalex.org/W1580880025","https://openalex.org/W1590394464","https://openalex.org/W1852027073","https://openalex.org/W1967726235","https://openalex.org/W1981374161","https://openalex.org/W2077637977","https://openalex.org/W2086532384","https://openalex.org/W2095798436","https://openalex.org/W2114665182","https://openalex.org/W2131891664","https://openalex.org/W2786256255","https://openalex.org/W2990806673","https://openalex.org/W3127678959","https://openalex.org/W3214886846","https://openalex.org/W4246158239","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388148235","https://openalex.org/W6635218319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2439649243","https://openalex.org/W1519219774","https://openalex.org/W2178026603","https://openalex.org/W4250474103","https://openalex.org/W2561378157","https://openalex.org/W4385458971","https://openalex.org/W2620065518","https://openalex.org/W7093858944","https://openalex.org/W2484334817","https://openalex.org/W4251662734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112],"global":[1,75],"auditing":[2],"business":[3],"is":[4,50,114],"made":[5],"up":[6],"almost":[7],"exclusively":[8],"of":[9,41,43,78,110],"the":[10,14,29,32,44,53,74,79,99,103,126,136],"\"big":[11,33,80,100,127],"six\"":[12,81,101,128],"on":[13],"supply":[15],"side;":[16],"their":[17,71,89],"customers":[18],"are":[19,56,91],"multinational":[20],"companies.":[21],"Trends":[22],"toward":[23],"virtualization":[24],"can":[25,122],"be":[26,123],"identified":[27],"in":[28,73,102,108,135],"competition":[30],"between":[31],"six\",":[34],"as":[35,139],"illustrated":[36],"by":[37,125],"a":[38,132],"case":[39,88],"study":[40],"one":[42],"players,":[45],"Coopers":[46],"and":[47],"Lybrand.":[48],"It":[49],"clear":[51],"that":[52],"other":[54],"suppliers":[55],"also":[57,83],"following":[58],"this":[59,87],"trend,":[60],"thus":[61],"possibly":[62],"canceling":[63],"out":[64,117],"any":[65],"competitive":[66,96,133],"advantages.":[67],"In":[68,86],"addition":[69],"to":[70,115,118,129],"activities":[72],"market,":[76,105],"all":[77],"companies":[82,93],"operate":[84],"nationally.":[85],"rivals":[90],"national":[92,104,137],"which":[94],"have":[95],"advantages":[97],"over":[98],"for":[106],"example":[107],"terms":[109],"cost.":[111],"issue":[113],"find":[116],"what":[119],"extent":[120],"virtuality":[121],"used":[124],"give":[130],"them":[131],"edge":[134],"market":[138],"well.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
