{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152492016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","title":"HENRY WHITEHEAD AND CHOLERA IN BROAD STREET","display_name":"HENRY WHITEHEAD AND CHOLERA IN BROAD STREET","publication_year":1958,"publication_date":"1958-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152492016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","mag":"2152492016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13526540","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1034367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300023504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A8A932F788DB7A519D832F49AEA69C76/S0025727300023504a.pdf/div-class-title-henry-whitehead-and-cholera-in-broad-street-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A8A932F788DB7A519D832F49AEA69C76/S0025727300023504a.pdf/div-class-title-henry-whitehead-and-cholera-in-broad-street-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011555327","display_name":"S. P. W. Chave","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. P. W. Chave","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer in Public Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer in Public Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011555327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96395952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"92","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.3034999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.3034999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14043","display_name":"Historical and modern epidemiology studies","score":0.25119999051094055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.2151000052690506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-snow","display_name":"John Snow","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broad-street-pump","display_name":"Broad Street pump","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contaminated-water","display_name":"contaminated water","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholera","display_name":"cholera","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterborne-diseases","display_name":"waterborne diseases","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-epidemiology","display_name":"history of epidemiology","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boards-of-guardians","display_name":"Board of Guardians","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6973310112953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5774155259132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.466030091047287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43206408619880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002771","descriptor_name":"Cholera","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300023504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A8A932F788DB7A519D832F49AEA69C76/S0025727300023504a.pdf/div-class-title-henry-whitehead-and-cholera-in-broad-street-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1034367","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1034367","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1034367/pdf/medhist00183-0026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Hist","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:114349","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1034367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:13526540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13526540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical history","raw_type":"Biography"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0025727300023504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300023504","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A8A932F788DB7A519D832F49AEA69C76/S0025727300023504a.pdf/div-class-title-henry-whitehead-and-cholera-in-broad-street-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102349131","display_name":"Medical History","issn_l":"0025-7273","issn":["0025-7273","2048-8343"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2152492016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2152492016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2483790945","https://openalex.org/W6701731924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007666738","https://openalex.org/W7100818396","https://openalex.org/W2078874321","https://openalex.org/W2987781010","https://openalex.org/W2048090554","https://openalex.org/W2141045813","https://openalex.org/W2112038245","https://openalex.org/W1995369719","https://openalex.org/W2513010201","https://openalex.org/W7064723142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"THE":[0],"cholera":[1,114,206,255],"epidemic":[2,271,356],"in":[3,10,55,62,97,180,184,207,230,249],"the":[4,14,53,63,77,85,90,103,111,118,121,137,146,151,154,159,170,213,220,227,246,251,258,267,270,273,290,300,321,335,347,353,363,371,376,382,386,390,393],"St.":[5,133],"James's":[6],"district":[7],"of":[8,18,28,52,65,68,107,113,120,153,215,254,269,299,313,323,334,337,370,389,392],"Westminster":[9],"1854":[11],"was":[12,127,175,188,200,238,305],"perhaps":[13],"most":[15],"terrible":[16],"outbreak":[17,58,155],"that":[19,287,309],"disease":[20,54],"which":[21,101,139,149,250,264,366],"this":[22,216],"country":[23],"has":[24],"ever":[25],"known-terrible":[26],"because":[27,67],"its":[29,69,144],"virulence":[30],"and":[31,143,167,172,277,339,359,384],"local":[32,221],"concentration.More":[33],"than":[34,191],"five":[35],"hundred":[36,48],"people":[37,315],"who":[38],"lived":[39],"or":[40,242],"worked":[41,162],"within":[42,295],"an":[43,203],"area":[44,383],"only":[45],"a":[46,296,332,378],"few":[47],"yards":[49],"square":[50],"died":[51],"ten":[56,192],"days.The":[57],"is":[59,84],"memorable,":[60],"too,":[61,178],"annals":[64],"epidemiology":[66],"association":[70],"with":[71],"John":[72],"Snow's":[73,108],"historic":[74],"investigation":[75,204],"into":[76,205,281],"Broad":[78,141,231],"Street":[79,142],"pump.Less":[80],"well":[81],"known,":[82],"however,":[83],"important":[86],"contribution":[87],"made":[88,278],"by":[89,361],"Rev.":[91],"Henry":[92],"Whitehead,":[93,123],"but":[94,179],"it":[95],"was,":[96],"fact,":[98],"his":[99,129,223,329],"work":[100],"constituted":[102],"first":[104,130],"independent":[105],"confirmation":[106],"hypothesis":[109],"attributing":[110],"spread":[112],"to":[115,164,169,212,234,245,307,331,349],"contaminated":[116],"water.At":[117],"time":[119],"epidemic,":[122],"then":[124],"aged":[125],"twenty-nine,":[126],"serving":[128],"curacy":[131],"at":[132,266,310],"Luke's,":[134],"Berwick":[135,197],"Street,":[136,186],"parish":[138],"included":[140],"environs.Throughout":[145],"dreadful":[147],"days":[148],"followed":[150],"explosion":[152],"on":[156,352],"i":[157],"September,":[158],"young":[160],"curate":[161],"incessantly":[163],"bring":[165],"help":[166],"comfort":[168],"afflicted":[171],"bereaved.John":[173],"Snow":[174],"busily":[176],"engaged":[177],"another":[181],"way.His":[182],"home":[183],"Sackville":[185],"Piccadilly,":[187],"little":[189],"more":[190],"minutes":[193],"walking":[194],"distance":[195,298],"from":[196,272,319,375],"Street.Although":[198],"he":[199,210,304,326],"already":[201],"conducting":[202],"South":[208],"London,":[209],"hastened":[211],"scene":[214],"new":[217],"outburst.Having":[218],"surveyed":[219],"circumstances,":[222],"suspicions":[224],"fell":[225],"upon":[226],"'much-frequented'":[228],"pump":[229],"Street.'It":[232],"appeared":[233],"him":[235],"'that":[236],"there":[237],"no":[239],"other":[240],"circumstance":[241],"agent":[243],"common":[244],"circumscribed":[247],"locality":[248],"sudden":[252],"increase":[253],"occurred'.He":[256],"obtained":[257],"addresses":[259],"ofthe":[260],"eighty-nine":[261],"fatal":[262],"cases":[263],"occurred":[265],"onset":[268],"General":[274],"Register":[275],"Office":[276],"detailed":[279],"inquiries":[280],"each":[282],"one.He":[283],"reported,":[284],"'I":[285],"found":[286],"nearly":[288],"all":[289],"deaths":[291],"had":[292,316,367],"taken":[293],"place":[294],"short":[297],"pump',":[301],"and,":[302],"further,":[303],"able":[306],"establish":[308],"least":[311],"sixty-nine":[312],"these":[314],"drunk":[317],"water":[318],"it.On":[320],"evening":[322],"7":[324],"September":[325],"put":[327],"forward":[328],"views":[330],"committee":[333],"Board":[336],"Guardians,":[338],"although":[340],"they":[341,345],"were":[342,373],"quite":[343],"incredulous":[344],"ordered":[346],"pump-handle":[348],"be":[350],"removed":[351,374],"following":[354,387],"morning.The":[355],"steadily":[357],"declined,":[358],"when,":[360],"mid-September,":[362],"yellow":[364],"flags":[365],"given":[368],"warning":[369],"pestilence":[372],"streets,":[377],"newspaper":[379],"correspondent":[380],"entered":[381],"gave":[385],"description":[388],"aftermath":[391],"visitation:2":[394],"92":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
