{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152162156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","title":"Of Efik and English: Code Mixing","display_name":"Of Efik and English: Code Mixing","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152162156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","mag":"2152162156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764382321","display_name":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies","issn_l":"1799-2591","issn":["1799-2591","2053-0692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323972591","host_organization_name":"Academy Publication","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323972591"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publication"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001864697","display_name":"Offiong Ani Offiong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Offiong Ani Offiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, University of Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, University of Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112385867","display_name":"Bassey Andian Okon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3970730","display_name":"University of Calabar","ror":"https://ror.org/05qderh61","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassey A. Okon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3970730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26261128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-mixing","display_name":"code-mixing","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efik-language","display_name":"Efik language","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-transfer","display_name":"language transfer","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-interference","display_name":"phonological interference","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlingual-interference","display_name":"interlingual interference","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-identity","display_name":"linguistic identity","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-borrowing","display_name":"grammatical borrowing","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-borrowing","display_name":"lexical borrowing","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilingualism","display_name":"multilingualism","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-shift","display_name":"language shift","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778598016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3201279","display_name":"Code-mixing","level":3,"score":0.8708739280700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6701016426086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5035356879234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4439476430416107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39569413661956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.361664354801178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18552078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255615","display_name":"Code-switching","level":2,"score":0.349994957447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26489436626434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2040998339653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09944039583206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.07947418093681335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764382321","display_name":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies","issn_l":"1799-2591","issn":["1799-2591","2053-0692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323972591","host_organization_name":"Academy Publication","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323972591"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publication"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.728-735","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764382321","display_name":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies","issn_l":"1799-2591","issn":["1799-2591","2053-0692"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323972591","host_organization_name":"Academy Publication","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323972591"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academy Publication"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Theory and Practice in Language Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2152162156.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2152162156.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973072706","https://openalex.org/W2071881558","https://openalex.org/W2238055488","https://openalex.org/W3164908431","https://openalex.org/W6654055531","https://openalex.org/W6858206851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2238055488","https://openalex.org/W7098636096","https://openalex.org/W4385376720","https://openalex.org/W2150617868","https://openalex.org/W7008800454","https://openalex.org/W135751440","https://openalex.org/W2794975061","https://openalex.org/W143242002","https://openalex.org/W4400961973","https://openalex.org/W2262607110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code-mixing":[0],"involves":[1],"the":[2,34,42,45,72,79,101,123,159,167,184,190,196,201,207],"deliberate":[3],"mixing":[4,70,110,173],"of":[5,41,44,53,59,95,103,130,136,178,209],"two":[6,46],"languages":[7,47,168],"without":[8],"an":[9],"associated":[10],"topic":[11],"change.It":[12],"is":[13,20,56,97,114,141,156,171,230],"primarily":[14],"used":[15,142,176],"as":[16,29],"a":[17,38,57,98,172,210,212,228],"solidarity":[18],"marker.It":[19],"not":[21,90,221],"something":[22],"brought":[23],"about":[24],"by":[25],"laziness":[26],"or":[27,220],"ignorance":[28],"such,":[30],"rather":[31,199],"it":[32,77,239],"requires":[33],"conversant":[35],"to":[36,49,61,100,126,166,206,234],"have":[37,121,186],"good":[39],"knowledge":[40],"grammar":[43],"and":[48,81,105,112,119,151,174,180],"be":[50],"well":[51],"aware":[52],"societal":[54],"norms.It":[55],"source":[58],"pride":[60],"bilinguals":[62],"(Wardhaugh":[63],"1986).In":[64],"this":[65,144],"paper":[66,155],"we":[67],"examine":[68],"code":[69],"from":[71,78,244],"interference":[73],"dimension,":[74],"looking":[75],"at":[76],"phonological":[80],"inter-lingual":[82],"angles.We":[83],"discuss":[84],"code-mixing":[85],"because":[86],"Efik":[87,111,124],"people":[88,125],"are":[89,147,204],"monolingual.To":[91],"them,":[92],"substantial":[93],"command":[94],"English":[96,113],"passport":[99],"arena":[102],"globalization":[104],"competitive":[106],"white-collar":[107],"job":[108],"market.Therefore":[109],"inevitable.Urbanization,":[115],"education,":[116],"government":[117],"business":[118],"multilingualism":[120],"triggered":[122],"learn":[127],"English.A":[128],"combination":[129],"research":[131,139],"principles":[132],"using":[133],"unstructured":[134],"forms":[135],"data":[137],"collection":[138],"methods":[140],"for":[143],"study":[145],"which":[146,162,193],"(i)":[148],"Participant":[149],"Observation":[150],"(ii)":[152],"In-depth":[153],"Interview.This":[154],"rooted":[157],"in":[158,183],"phonemic":[160],"theory":[161],"models":[163,182],"what":[164],"happens":[165],"when":[169],"there":[170],"interference.We":[175],"aspects":[177],"morphological":[179],"sociolinguistic":[181],"analysis.We":[185],"come":[187],"up":[188],"with":[189],"key":[191],"findings":[192],"state":[194],"that":[195,227],"grammatical":[197,242],"items,":[198],"than":[200],"lexical":[202,216],"ones,":[203],"crucial":[205],"identity":[208,237],"language.Also":[211],"language":[213,229],"may":[214],"borrow":[215],"items":[217,243],"freely":[218],"assimilating":[219,222],"them.We":[223],"can":[224],"again":[225],"add":[226],"on":[231],"its":[232,236],"way":[233],"losing":[235],"once":[238],"starts":[240],"borrowing":[241],"another":[245],"language.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}