{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152147669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","title":"The Genetics of Schizophrenia is the Genetics of Neurodevelopment","display_name":"The Genetics of Schizophrenia is the Genetics of Neurodevelopment","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152147669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","mag":"2152147669","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1860016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2152147669"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072392137","display_name":"Peter Brian Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-880X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-880X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153400","display_name":"King's College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044nptt90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111135","https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London","Genetics Section, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and King's College Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Genetics Section, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and King's College Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029413844","display_name":"Robin M. Murray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153400","display_name":"King's College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/044nptt90","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111135","https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin M. Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychiatry and King's College Hospital, London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychiatry and King's College Hospital, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072392137"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153400"],"apc_list":{"value":4920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":217,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93430657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"158","issue":"5","first_page":"615","last_page":"623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-genetics","display_name":"schizophrenia genetics","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-development","display_name":"brain development","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia-etiology","display_name":"etiology of schizophrenia","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkage-analysis","display_name":"linkage analysis","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.7224216461181641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.6446881294250488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5787206888198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532897","display_name":"Genetic epidemiology","level":3,"score":0.5210187435150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019960513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431607","display_name":"Schizophrenia research","level":3,"score":0.4619129002094269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.42553529143333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84201533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256235","display_name":"Psychiatric genetics","level":3,"score":0.4224150776863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4203992784023285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.39885568618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37328776717185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3397660255432129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002869","descriptor_name":"Chromosome Aberrations","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004200","descriptor_name":"Diseases in Twins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012565","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenic Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015815","descriptor_name":"Cell Adhesion Molecules","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019965","descriptor_name":"Neurocognitive Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019965","descriptor_name":"Neurocognitive Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019965","descriptor_name":"Neurocognitive Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.5.615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1860016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1860016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44928931","https://openalex.org/W48750798","https://openalex.org/W138027414","https://openalex.org/W222202028","https://openalex.org/W658077791","https://openalex.org/W1487097692","https://openalex.org/W1494856442","https://openalex.org/W1561393469","https://openalex.org/W1575064426","https://openalex.org/W1900996360","https://openalex.org/W1940932594","https://openalex.org/W1968732298","https://openalex.org/W1968984138","https://openalex.org/W1969804484","https://openalex.org/W1969857864","https://openalex.org/W1971502696","https://openalex.org/W1977049712","https://openalex.org/W1978380013","https://openalex.org/W1978415644","https://openalex.org/W1981302367","https://openalex.org/W1991405495","https://openalex.org/W1991470259","https://openalex.org/W1992196139","https://openalex.org/W1993196714","https://openalex.org/W1993902481","https://openalex.org/W1995325316","https://openalex.org/W1995362640","https://openalex.org/W1997425394","https://openalex.org/W2003488688","https://openalex.org/W2003759197","https://openalex.org/W2006080179","https://openalex.org/W2006136484","https://openalex.org/W2007339100","https://openalex.org/W2007434276","https://openalex.org/W2007836835","https://openalex.org/W2010741347","https://openalex.org/W2012025122","https://openalex.org/W2012781263","https://openalex.org/W2014467217","https://openalex.org/W2021341799","https://openalex.org/W2023197394","https://openalex.org/W2023328534","https://openalex.org/W2025903960","https://openalex.org/W2029084216","https://openalex.org/W2031188156","https://openalex.org/W2031603480","https://openalex.org/W2032781839","https://openalex.org/W2035319691","https://openalex.org/W2037016293","https://openalex.org/W2044220284","https://openalex.org/W2045122066","https://openalex.org/W2048082799","https://openalex.org/W2050658337","https://openalex.org/W2050984100","https://openalex.org/W2052436449","https://openalex.org/W2052957716","https://openalex.org/W2055627347","https://openalex.org/W2057788741","https://openalex.org/W2058047705","https://openalex.org/W2058988218","https://openalex.org/W2059335595","https://openalex.org/W2061487210","https://openalex.org/W2061834507","https://openalex.org/W2065931730","https://openalex.org/W2067646093","https://openalex.org/W2070564733","https://openalex.org/W2072602132","https://openalex.org/W2073478289","https://openalex.org/W2075184198","https://openalex.org/W2075710300","https://openalex.org/W2075714853","https://openalex.org/W2078804661","https://openalex.org/W2080789361","https://openalex.org/W2087100627","https://openalex.org/W2087690085","https://openalex.org/W2088040371","https://openalex.org/W2091626902","https://openalex.org/W2092123366","https://openalex.org/W2094874741","https://openalex.org/W2098610794","https://openalex.org/W2100051717","https://openalex.org/W2100865893","https://openalex.org/W2104187659","https://openalex.org/W2104220712","https://openalex.org/W2118775806","https://openalex.org/W2120078945","https://openalex.org/W2122500392","https://openalex.org/W2130793535","https://openalex.org/W2133324147","https://openalex.org/W2135261549","https://openalex.org/W2137181530","https://openalex.org/W2141966220","https://openalex.org/W2145188406","https://openalex.org/W2155222159","https://openalex.org/W2156267598","https://openalex.org/W2158303900","https://openalex.org/W2167681155","https://openalex.org/W2211765613","https://openalex.org/W2317267179","https://openalex.org/W2401078538","https://openalex.org/W2405259329","https://openalex.org/W2417974052","https://openalex.org/W2486648267","https://openalex.org/W4254179074","https://openalex.org/W4302422361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100653148","https://openalex.org/W1994006723","https://openalex.org/W1976408965","https://openalex.org/W1483871246","https://openalex.org/W1995835335","https://openalex.org/W2038689095","https://openalex.org/W2197124405","https://openalex.org/W57836537","https://openalex.org/W4237591873","https://openalex.org/W2398008835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genes":[0],"are":[1,127],"now":[2],"accepted":[3],"as":[4],"being":[5],"important":[6],"in":[7,25,94,129,144],"the":[8,20,23,36,40,48,63,67,71,81,86,89,103,121,130,145],"aetiology":[9,131],"of":[10,50,70,83,88,106,110,123,132],"schizophrenia":[11,58,111],"(Gottesman":[12],"&":[13],"Shields,":[14],"1982;":[15],"McGuffinet":[16],"al,1987),":[17],"and":[18],"over":[19,66],"past":[21],"decade":[22],"emphasis":[24],"genetic":[26,32,99],"research":[27],"has":[28,59,92],"shifted":[29],"away":[30],"from":[31],"epidemiology":[33],"to":[34,53,97,101],"searching":[35],"chromosomal":[37],"DNA":[38],"for":[39,138,141],"genes":[41,126,136],"themselves.":[42],"Despite":[43],"this":[44],"increasing":[45],"technical":[46],"sophistication,":[47],"application":[49],"linkage":[51],"analysis":[52],"families":[54],"multiply":[55],"affected":[56],"by":[57,62],"been":[60],"accompanied":[61],"familiar":[64],"controversy":[65],"exact":[68],"borders":[69],"adult":[72],"clinical":[73,90],"phenotype":[74],"(Sherringtonet":[75],"al,1988;":[76],"St":[77],"Clairet":[78],"al,1989).":[79],"Indeed,":[80],"preoccupation":[82],"researchers":[84],"with":[85],"vagaries":[87],"definition":[91],"resulted":[93],"repeated":[95],"attempts":[96],"use":[98],"studies":[100,119],"determine":[102],"relative":[104],"validity":[105],"different":[107],"operational":[108],"definitions":[109],"(McGuffinet":[112],"al,1984;":[113],"Farmeret":[114],"al,1987).":[115],"To":[116],"us,":[117],"such":[118],"beg":[120],"question":[122],"how":[124],"precisely":[125],"involved":[128],"schizophrenia;":[133],"after":[134],"all,":[135],"code":[137],"proteins,":[139],"not":[140],"auditory":[142],"hallucinations":[143],"third":[146],"person.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
