{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151306338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","title":"GABAergic Transmission and Chloride Equilibrium Potential Are Not Modulated by Pyruvate in the Developing Optic Tectum of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles","display_name":"GABAergic Transmission and Chloride Equilibrium Potential Are Not Modulated by Pyruvate in the Developing Optic Tectum of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151306338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","mag":"2151306338","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22496804","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3319581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034446&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034446&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021249921","display_name":"Arseny S. Khakhalin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-1728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0429-1728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arseny S. Khakhalin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002661645","display_name":"Carlos D. Aizenman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-7217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-7217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos D. Aizenman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002661645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":1.3168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7703163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"e34446","last_page":"e34446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11818","display_name":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-transmission","display_name":"GABAergic neurotransmission","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-equilibrium-potential","display_name":"chloride equilibrium potential","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyruvate","display_name":"pyruvate","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-tectum","display_name":"optic tectum","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xenopus-tadpoles","display_name":"Xenopus tadpoles","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-chloride","display_name":"intracellular chloride","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-metabolism","display_name":"energy metabolism","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectal-neurons","display_name":"tectal neurons","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-nerve-stimulation","display_name":"optic nerve stimulation","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-gradients","display_name":"developmental gradients","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proliferative-zone","display_name":"proliferative zone","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6478300094604492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779535977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342298","display_name":"Xenopus","level":3,"score":0.6232432126998901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18356742","display_name":"GABAergic","level":3,"score":0.5881775617599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778071365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3089249","display_name":"Reversal potential","level":4,"score":0.5855115652084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777771985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210021","display_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric acid","level":3,"score":0.5646834373474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.49884819984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.4902837574481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.45969974994659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.4525319039821625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181911157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389844","display_name":"Membrane potential","level":2,"score":0.4428767263889313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.4096044898033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4048139452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.38769668340682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3276246190071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.26986175775527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2499028742313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147944092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176366","display_name":"Patch clamp","level":3,"score":0.18735894560813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08589357137680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002712","descriptor_name":"Chlorides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005680","descriptor_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005947","descriptor_name":"Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007814","descriptor_name":"Larva","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007814","descriptor_name":"Larva","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007814","descriptor_name":"Larva","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011773","descriptor_name":"Pyruvates","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013477","descriptor_name":"Superior Colliculi","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013477","descriptor_name":"Superior Colliculi","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013477","descriptor_name":"Superior Colliculi","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014982","descriptor_name":"Xenopus laevis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018408","descriptor_name":"Patch-Clamp Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034446&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3319581","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3319581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:22496804","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22496804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.270.4879","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.270.4879","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/76/07/PLoS_One_2012_Apr_4_7(4)_e34446.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07fcf3f2db8943fdb2e57eaba0da7b31","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07fcf3f2db8943fdb2e57eaba0da7b31","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e34446 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034446","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034446&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1209653611","display_name":"Cellular basis of visually-guided behavior during development","funder_award_id":"R01EY019578","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4808608629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5R01 EYO19578-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2151306338.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2151306338.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488387374","https://openalex.org/W1498038217","https://openalex.org/W1518787232","https://openalex.org/W1602434193","https://openalex.org/W1975972975","https://openalex.org/W1987745556","https://openalex.org/W1992338716","https://openalex.org/W1993719956","https://openalex.org/W1993891203","https://openalex.org/W2000776452","https://openalex.org/W2003666119","https://openalex.org/W2005496979","https://openalex.org/W2014953604","https://openalex.org/W2016549465","https://openalex.org/W2023381787","https://openalex.org/W2023946490","https://openalex.org/W2029091305","https://openalex.org/W2031130044","https://openalex.org/W2034809433","https://openalex.org/W2041357157","https://openalex.org/W2046051665","https://openalex.org/W2049443838","https://openalex.org/W2064247683","https://openalex.org/W2070912884","https://openalex.org/W2076834090","https://openalex.org/W2078395247","https://openalex.org/W2082276782","https://openalex.org/W2090706409","https://openalex.org/W2097347982","https://openalex.org/W2100435163","https://openalex.org/W2107464478","https://openalex.org/W2113258412","https://openalex.org/W2117329255","https://openalex.org/W2124909604","https://openalex.org/W2129934770","https://openalex.org/W2131147010","https://openalex.org/W2138364497","https://openalex.org/W2145947487","https://openalex.org/W2157025435","https://openalex.org/W2320983896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564904130","https://openalex.org/W2090706409","https://openalex.org/W7097378323","https://openalex.org/W2318130812","https://openalex.org/W2109383828","https://openalex.org/W3012184720","https://openalex.org/W2069127940","https://openalex.org/W1976416612","https://openalex.org/W2038835182","https://openalex.org/W2041357157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,112,143,176,204,209,225,248],"developing":[2,54,134],"mammalian":[3],"brain,":[4],"gamma-aminobutyric":[5],"acid":[6],"(GABA)":[7],"is":[8,78,108,269],"thought":[9,79],"to":[10,20,80,110,148,247],"play":[11],"an":[12,16,270],"excitatory":[13],"rather":[14],"than":[15],"inhibitory":[17],"role":[18],"due":[19],"high":[21,84],"levels":[22],"of":[23,73,114,133,145,194,211,221],"intracellular":[24,85],"Cl(-)":[25,86],"in":[26,82,130,139,161,170,239,262,275],"immature":[27,52,60,244],"neurons.":[28],"This":[29],"idea,":[30],"however,":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"questioned":[34],"by":[35,141,153,157,196],"recent":[36],"studies":[37,57],"which":[38],"suggest":[39,58],"that":[40,59,261],"glucose-based":[41,267],"artificial":[42],"cerebrospinal":[43],"fluid":[44],"(ACSF)":[45],"may":[46,62],"be":[47],"inadequate":[48],"for":[49,179,274],"experiments":[50],"on":[51,119,202],"and":[53,88,152,190,208,217,250],"brains.":[55],"These":[56],"neurons":[61,147,213],"require":[63],"alternative":[64,116],"energy":[65,76,117,222],"sources,":[66],"such":[67],"as":[68],"lactate":[69],"or":[70],"pyruvate.":[71],"Lack":[72],"these":[74,115],"other":[75],"sources":[77,118,223],"result":[81],"artificially":[83],"concentrations,":[87],"therefore":[89],"a":[90,162,235],"more":[91,255],"depolarized":[92],"GABA":[93,159,205,240],"receptor":[94],"(GABAR)":[95],"reversal":[96,177,206,241,257],"potential.":[97],"Since":[98],"glucose":[99,195],"metabolism":[100],"can":[101],"vary":[102],"widely":[103],"among":[104],"different":[105,120],"species,":[106],"it":[107],"important":[109],"test":[111],"effects":[113,201],"experimental":[121,264],"preparations.":[122],"We":[123,167,232,259],"tested":[124],"whether":[125],"pyruvate":[126,197],"affects":[127],"GABAergic":[128],"transmission":[129],"isolated":[131],"brains":[132],"wild":[135],"type":[136],"Xenopus":[137],"tadpoles":[138],"vitro":[140,276],"recording":[142],"responsiveness":[144,210],"tectal":[146,212],"optic":[149],"nerve":[150],"stimulation,":[151],"measuring":[154],"currents":[155,181],"evoked":[156],"local":[158],"application":[160],"gramicidin":[163],"perforated":[164],"patch":[165],"configuration.":[166],"found":[168],"that,":[169],"contrast":[171],"with":[172,243],"previously":[173],"reported":[174],"results,":[175],"potential":[178],"GABAR-mediated":[180],"does":[182],"not":[183,228],"change":[184],"significantly":[185],"between":[186],"developmental":[187],"stages":[188,215],"45":[189,216],"49.":[191,218],"Partial":[192],"substitution":[193],"had":[198],"only":[199],"minor":[200],"both":[203],"potential,":[207,242],"at":[214],"Total":[219],"depletion":[220],"from":[224],"ACSF":[226,268],"did":[227],"affect":[229],"neural":[230],"responsiveness.":[231],"also":[233],"report":[234],"strong":[236],"spatial":[237],"gradient":[238],"cells":[245],"adjacent":[246],"lateral":[249],"caudal":[251],"proliferative":[252],"zones":[253],"having":[254],"positive":[256],"potentials.":[258],"conclude":[260],"this":[263],"preparation":[265],"standard":[266],"appropriate":[271],"extracellular":[272],"media":[273],"experiments.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}