{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151237218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","title":"Designing Optically Tracked Instruments for Image-Guided Surgery","display_name":"Designing Optically Tracked Instruments for Image-Guided Surgery","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151237218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","mag":"2151237218","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15147007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110235420","display_name":"Jay B. West","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101088","display_name":"Accuray (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0129gkf70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101088"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.B. West","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accuray, Inc., 1310 Chesapeake Terrace, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA. jwest@accuray.com","Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accuray, Inc., 1310 Chesapeake Terrace, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA. jwest@accuray.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108427167","display_name":"Calvin R. Maurer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.R. Maurer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Guidance Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Guidance Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9743945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"533","last_page":"545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.44290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.44290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.09520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.062300000339746475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-guided-surgery","display_name":"image-guided surgery","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-tracking","display_name":"optical tracking","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-markers","display_name":"fiducial markers","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-reference-frame","display_name":"coordinate reference frame","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-propagation","display_name":"error propagation","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-design","display_name":"instrument design","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173974348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469893","display_name":"Fiducial marker","level":2,"score":0.9541516900062561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7021963000297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6671305298805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5800419449806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.5707236528396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5612437129020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5603365302085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.55678790807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.45045074820518494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4489648640155792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3832719922065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013525","descriptor_name":"Surgical Instruments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013525","descriptor_name":"Surgical Instruments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013525","descriptor_name":"Surgical Instruments","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017076","descriptor_name":"Computer-Aided Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017076","descriptor_name":"Computer-Aided Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017076","descriptor_name":"Computer-Aided Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055095","descriptor_name":"Optics and Photonics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2004.825614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15147007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15147007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35145869","https://openalex.org/W619044183","https://openalex.org/W1518288023","https://openalex.org/W1530993215","https://openalex.org/W1538779339","https://openalex.org/W1846659310","https://openalex.org/W1973911136","https://openalex.org/W1981154266","https://openalex.org/W1988874269","https://openalex.org/W1993267444","https://openalex.org/W1996272167","https://openalex.org/W2023989473","https://openalex.org/W2048303444","https://openalex.org/W2052335458","https://openalex.org/W2055795468","https://openalex.org/W2057069782","https://openalex.org/W2059843082","https://openalex.org/W2061888118","https://openalex.org/W2087815379","https://openalex.org/W2094694151","https://openalex.org/W2096621492","https://openalex.org/W2105623448","https://openalex.org/W2113094491","https://openalex.org/W2122313934","https://openalex.org/W2128019145","https://openalex.org/W2143386488","https://openalex.org/W2144202615","https://openalex.org/W2159593339","https://openalex.org/W2162977111","https://openalex.org/W2165053603","https://openalex.org/W2169280085","https://openalex.org/W2285857150","https://openalex.org/W2503004051","https://openalex.org/W2798909945","https://openalex.org/W4245432590","https://openalex.org/W4256234326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525537761","https://openalex.org/W2072325087","https://openalex.org/W2026490863","https://openalex.org/W2389929639","https://openalex.org/W2940856907","https://openalex.org/W2354867839","https://openalex.org/W2529059221","https://openalex.org/W2380496977","https://openalex.org/W2317393884","https://openalex.org/W2355705167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"image-guided":[1,274],"surgery":[2],"(IGS)":[3],"systems":[4],"track":[5],"the":[6,12,17,31,47,57,67,94,110,114,118,132,138,142,145,150,165,170,173,178,183,195,214,220,228,231,243,267],"positions":[7,32],"of":[8,33,56,69,125,137,144,191,210,235,269],"surgical":[9],"instruments":[10,272],"in":[11,112,156,168,185,239,260],"physical":[13],"space":[14],"occupied":[15],"by":[16,90,100,123],"patient.":[18],"This":[19,62],"task":[20],"is":[21,52,64,88,117,154,162,180,188,194,277],"commonly":[22],"performed":[23],"using":[24],"an":[25,53,199],"optical":[26,126],"tracking":[27,50,80,86,127,139,198,236,245],"system":[28,60],"that":[29,43,219],"determines":[30],"fiducial":[34,70],"markers":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37,193],"infrared-emitting":[38],"diodes":[39],"or":[40],"retroreflective":[41],"spheres":[42],"are":[44,175,250],"attached":[45,212],"to":[46,149,202,213,227,241],"instrument.":[48],"Instrument":[49],"error":[51,87,97,105,111,119,237],"important":[54],"component":[55],"overall":[58,244],"IGS":[59],"error.":[61,81,246],"paper":[63,262],"concerned":[65],"with":[66,252,279],"effect":[68],"marker":[71],"configuration":[72],"(number":[73],"and":[74,134,141,172,255],"spatial":[75,135],"distribution)":[76],"on":[77,109,131],"tip":[78,84,147,174],"position":[79,85,143],"Statistically":[82],"expected":[83],"calculated":[89],"applying":[91],"results":[92,249,259],"from":[93],"point-based":[95],"registration":[96],"theory":[98,153,179,222],"developed":[99],"Fitzpatrick":[101],"et":[102],"al.":[103],"Tracking":[104],"depends":[106],"not":[107],"only":[108],"localizing":[113],"fiducials,":[115],"which":[116,169,186],"value":[120],"generally":[121],"provided":[122],"manufacturers":[124],"systems,":[128],"but":[129],"also":[130],"number":[133],"distribution":[136],"fiducials":[140,171,211],"instrument":[146,200],"relative":[148,201],"fiducials.":[151],"The":[152,216,247,258],"extended":[155,181],"two":[157,229],"ways.":[158],"First,":[159],"a":[160,189,203,208],"formula":[161],"derived":[163],"for":[164,182,197,266,273],"special":[166],"case":[167,184],"collinear.":[176],"Second,":[177],"there":[187],"composition":[190],"transformations,":[192],"situation":[196],"coordinate":[204],"reference":[205],"frame":[206],"(i.e.,":[207],"set":[209],"patient).":[215],"derivation":[217],"reveals":[218],"previous":[221],"may":[223,263],"be":[224,264],"applied":[225],"independently":[226],"transformations;":[230],"resulting":[232],"independent":[233],"components":[234],"add":[238],"quadrature":[240],"give":[242],"theoretical":[248],"verified":[251],"numerical":[253],"simulations":[254],"experimental":[256],"measurements.":[257],"this":[261,276],"useful":[265],"design":[268],"optically":[270],"tracked":[271],"surgery;":[275],"illustrated":[278],"several":[280],"examples.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}