{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151180552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25561/18673","title":"Foreign aid and HIV infections: evidence of causal effects from country-level panel data","display_name":"Foreign aid and HIV infections: evidence of causal effects from country-level panel data","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151180552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25561/18673","mag":"2151180552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:imp:wpaper:18673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18673/2/Thomas%202014-11.pdf","pdf_url":"http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18673/2/Thomas%202014-11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020533215","display_name":"Ranjeeta Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-4574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-4574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas, RA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020533215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.7139000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.7139000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":0.257099986076355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-incidence","display_name":"HIV incidence","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aid-effectiveness","display_name":"aid effectiveness","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-middle-income-countries","display_name":"low-middle income countries","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-specific-effects","display_name":"age-specific effects","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/country-specific-effects","display_name":"country-specific effects","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C610760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340706","display_name":"Endogeneity","level":2,"score":0.9342188835144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665305","display_name":"Instrumental variable","level":2,"score":0.8581901788711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.6375399827957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5063883066177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.48041725158691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.47376444935798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4513574540615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019921246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104853310","display_name":"Differential effects","level":2,"score":0.44924020767211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018472363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Low and middle income countries","level":3,"score":0.4249143600463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40804293751716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3314396142959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.24609428644180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1936815083026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.08029314875602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:imp:wpaper:18673","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18673/2/Thomas%202014-11.pdf","pdf_url":"http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18673/2/Thomas%202014-11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/18673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18673","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"mag:2151180552","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/18673/2/Thomas%202014-11.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.25561/18673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25561/18673","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25561/18673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050757","display_name":"Imperial College Research Computing Service Data Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/18673","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18673","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1724321198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HPTN 071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2151180552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2151180552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17630435","https://openalex.org/W2007352806","https://openalex.org/W2032003852","https://openalex.org/W2038312409","https://openalex.org/W2040095917","https://openalex.org/W2064235752","https://openalex.org/W2081676448","https://openalex.org/W2086577006","https://openalex.org/W2091471337","https://openalex.org/W2113828600","https://openalex.org/W2117475539","https://openalex.org/W2133940432","https://openalex.org/W2152505869","https://openalex.org/W2159191507","https://openalex.org/W2167397272","https://openalex.org/W3022774728","https://openalex.org/W3025834346","https://openalex.org/W3123248704","https://openalex.org/W3125532348","https://openalex.org/W3144040573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2891533547","https://openalex.org/W7101020415","https://openalex.org/W2064235752","https://openalex.org/W2890716782","https://openalex.org/W7099605128","https://openalex.org/W7096576003","https://openalex.org/W58705139","https://openalex.org/W2253089907","https://openalex.org/W2076922138","https://openalex.org/W7115257487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,11,32,38,67,101],"impact":[4],"of":[5,13,34,40,69,76,97,103,131],"foreign":[6,70,98],"aid":[7,35,56,71,99],"for":[8,47,106],"HIV":[9,77],"on":[10,27,66,100],"number":[12,102],"new":[14,59,74,104],"infections":[15,60,75,105],"in":[16,61,72,135],"low":[17,124],"middle":[18,125],"income":[19,126],"countries":[20],".We":[21],"provide":[22,64],"causal":[23],"estimates":[24],"by":[25,30],"improving":[26],"earlier":[28],"studies":[29],"addressing":[31],"endogeneity":[33],"disbursements":[36],"through":[37],"use":[39],"instrumental":[41],"variables.In":[42],"addition,":[43],"we":[44],"effectively":[45],"control":[46],"unobserved":[48],"country":[49],"specific":[50],"effects":[51,134],"that":[52],"might":[53],"jointly":[54],"influence":[55],"allocation":[57],"and":[58,87,93,113],"a":[62,90],"country.We":[63],"evidence":[65,120,130],"effectiveness":[68],"reducing":[73],"across":[78,123],"age":[79,111],"groups,":[80],"as":[81,83],"well":[82],"separately":[84],"amongst":[85,114,121],"adults":[86],"children.We":[88],"find":[89,116,129],"statistically":[91,118],"significant":[92,119],"important":[94],"negative":[95],"effect":[96],"our":[107],"overall":[108],"measure":[109],"-across":[110],"groups":[112],"adults.We":[115],"no":[117],"children":[122],"countries,":[127],"but":[128],"strong":[132],"differential":[133],"sub-Saharan":[136],"Africa.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}