{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150138003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.029728","title":"Indoor concentrations of nicotine in low-income, multi-unit housing: associations with smoking behaviours and housing characteristics","display_name":"Indoor concentrations of nicotine in low-income, multi-unit housing: associations with smoking behaviours and housing characteristics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150138003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.029728","mag":"2150138003","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19679890","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5624306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/tc.2009.029728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.029728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.029728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149729710","display_name":"Tobacco Control","issn_l":"0964-4563","issn":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5624306","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070401637","display_name":"T A Kraev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T A Kraev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA","Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048642416","display_name":"Gary Adamkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-3015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-3015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G Adamkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050041888","display_name":"Sally Katharine Hammond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S K Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031987933","display_name":"John D. Spengler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-091X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-091X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J D Spengler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048642416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8907,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":155,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97485939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"438","last_page":"444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11002","display_name":"Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure","score":0.011599999852478504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11336","display_name":"Energy and Environment Impacts","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-smoking","display_name":"passive smoking","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-housing","display_name":"low-income housing","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-unit-housing","display_name":"multi-unit housing","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-behavior","display_name":"smoking behavior","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-exchange-rate","display_name":"air exchange rate","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-balance-modeling","display_name":"mass balance model","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-air-sampling","display_name":"passive air sampling","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perfluorocarbon-tracers","display_name":"perfluorocarbon tracers","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-regulation","display_name":"smoking regulation","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-characteristics","display_name":"housing characteristics","score":0.38999998569488525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552","display_name":"Nicotine","level":2,"score":0.6762894988059998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6201836466789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.6074562072753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5193173289299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018804484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Low income","level":2,"score":0.44194841384887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3380920886993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33220547437667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2371881604194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.18551665544509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11278036236763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001900","descriptor_name":"Boston","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004781","descriptor_name":"Environmental Exposure","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006798","descriptor_name":"Housing","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009538","descriptor_name":"Nicotine","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011204","descriptor_name":"Poverty Areas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014028","descriptor_name":"Tobacco Smoke Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016902","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution, Indoor","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062665","descriptor_name":"Epidemiological Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/tc.2009.029728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.029728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2009.029728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149729710","display_name":"Tobacco Control","issn_l":"0964-4563","issn":["0964-4563","1468-3318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco Control","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19679890","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19679890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tobacco control","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5624306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5624306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tob Control","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5624306","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5624306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tob Control","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7667328543","display_name":"Determinants of cancer risk in low-income housing","funder_award_id":"R01CA111310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338292","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149661248","https://openalex.org/W160790846","https://openalex.org/W1768488937","https://openalex.org/W1794547363","https://openalex.org/W1830198066","https://openalex.org/W1987949056","https://openalex.org/W1989236693","https://openalex.org/W2001821539","https://openalex.org/W2018281294","https://openalex.org/W2022715394","https://openalex.org/W2032085562","https://openalex.org/W2038980581","https://openalex.org/W2044548518","https://openalex.org/W2052501639","https://openalex.org/W2055688687","https://openalex.org/W2068827039","https://openalex.org/W2122391354","https://openalex.org/W2125757947","https://openalex.org/W2140609390","https://openalex.org/W2146157387","https://openalex.org/W2154944475","https://openalex.org/W2166613860","https://openalex.org/W2295814044","https://openalex.org/W2320542834","https://openalex.org/W2329855868","https://openalex.org/W2475990128","https://openalex.org/W2916270096","https://openalex.org/W3122563783","https://openalex.org/W4242920957","https://openalex.org/W4301337544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099773863","https://openalex.org/W4312221547","https://openalex.org/W4226142693","https://openalex.org/W2112687777","https://openalex.org/W2747551197","https://openalex.org/W4393204860","https://openalex.org/W3014769121","https://openalex.org/W2990825925","https://openalex.org/W4220971564","https://openalex.org/W2002033213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"An":[1],"analysis":[2],"of":[3,86,93,115,123,128,139,147,155,167,204,218,227],"airborne":[4],"nicotine":[5,94,219],"measurements":[6,132],"collected":[7],"in":[8,27,141,150,183,196,215,223,242],"49":[9],"low-income,":[10],"multi-unit":[11,243],"residences":[12],"across":[13],"the":[14,42,81,87,98,113,137,142,145,151,197,247],"Greater":[15],"Boston":[16],"Area.":[17],"METHODS:":[18],"Nicotine":[19,109,131],"concentrations":[20,220],"were":[21,39,47,133],"determined":[22,104],"using":[23,41],"passive":[24],"monitors":[25],"placed":[26],"homes":[28,191,244],"over":[29],"a":[30,50,56,74,121,164],"one-week":[31],"sampling":[32],"period":[33],"and":[34,55,89,91,126,144,221,245],"air":[35,82],"exchange":[36,83],"rates":[37],"(AER)":[38],"sampled":[40],"perfluorocarbon":[43],"tracer":[44],"technique.":[45],"Residents":[46],"surveyed":[48],"through":[49],"questionnaire":[51,160],"about":[52],"smoking":[53,100,240],"behaviour":[54],"visual":[57],"inspection":[58],"was":[59,103],"conducted":[60],"to":[61,68,78,117,170,190,249,253],"collect":[62],"information":[63],"on":[64,95],"housing":[65,185,258],"characteristics":[66],"contributing":[67],"secondhand":[69],"smoke":[70,181,206,255],"(SHS)":[71],"exposure.":[72],"Using":[73],"mass":[75],"balance":[76],"model":[77],"account":[79],"for":[80,105,239],"rate,":[84],"volume":[85],"home":[88,198],"sorption":[90],"re-emission":[92],"indoor":[96],"surfaces,":[97],"effective":[99],"rate":[101],"(SR(eff))":[102],"each":[106],"residence.":[107],"RESULTS:":[108],"levels":[110,217],"ranged":[111],"from":[112,209,230],"limit":[114],"detection":[116],"26.92":[118],"microg/m(3),":[119],"with":[120,136,192],"mean":[122],"2.20":[124],"microg/m(3)":[125],"median":[127],"0.13":[129],"microg/m(3).":[130],"significantly":[134],"associated":[135],"number":[138,146],"smokers":[140,193],"household":[143],"cigarettes":[148],"smoked":[149],"home.":[152],"The":[153,201],"results":[154],"this":[156,175],"study":[157,176],"suggest":[158],"that":[159,179],"reports":[161],"can":[162],"provide":[163],"valid":[165],"estimate":[166],"residential":[168],"exposure":[169,252],"tobacco":[171,180,205,254],"smoke.":[172],"In":[173],"addition,":[174],"found":[177],"evidence":[178],"contamination":[182],"low-income":[184,257],"developments":[186],"is":[187],"not":[188],"limited":[189],"(either":[194],"residing":[195],"or":[199,212],"visiting).":[200],"frequent":[202],"report":[203],"odour":[207],"coming":[208],"other":[210],"apartments":[211],"hallways":[213],"resulted":[214],"increased":[216],"SR(eff)":[222],"non-smoking":[224],"homes,":[225],"suggestive":[226],"SHS":[228],"infiltration":[229],"neighbouring":[231],"units.":[232],"CONCLUSION:":[233],"These":[234],"findings":[235],"have":[236],"important":[237],"implications":[238],"regulations":[241],"highlight":[246],"need":[248],"reduce":[250],"involuntary":[251],"among":[256],"residents.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}