{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149936712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/662072","title":"The Signaling Role of Promotions: Further Theory and Empirical Evidence","display_name":"The Signaling Role of Promotions: Further Theory and Empirical Evidence","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149936712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/662072","mag":"2149936712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/662072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/662072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/662072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8557221","display_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","issn_l":"0734-306X","issn":["0734-306X","1537-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024093459","display_name":"Jed DeVaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-1489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-1489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184813773","display_name":"California State University, East Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/04jaeba88","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jed DeVaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, East Bay"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, East Bay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184813773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070070185","display_name":"Michael Waldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2103-706X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2103-706X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Waldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":171,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99558791,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"promotion","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signaling","display_name":"signaling","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worker-ability","display_name":"worker ability","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-labor-markets","display_name":"internal labor markets","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion-practices","display_name":"promotion methods","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-services","display_name":"financial services","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777626052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q516445","display_name":"Bachelor","level":2,"score":0.8679722547531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.8677536249160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5833598375320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.5132350921630859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.500767707824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4286983907222748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.36487725377082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3514406085014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10988500714302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/662072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/662072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/662072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8557221","display_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","issn_l":"0734-306X","issn":["0734-306X","1537-5307"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Labor Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7825999855995178,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480391747","https://openalex.org/W1499957482","https://openalex.org/W1508958356","https://openalex.org/W1513281941","https://openalex.org/W1557712043","https://openalex.org/W1581396473","https://openalex.org/W1584712783","https://openalex.org/W1964809688","https://openalex.org/W1965830684","https://openalex.org/W1966338782","https://openalex.org/W1981501894","https://openalex.org/W1981519969","https://openalex.org/W1982638970","https://openalex.org/W1984121614","https://openalex.org/W1984151807","https://openalex.org/W1989319745","https://openalex.org/W1993842545","https://openalex.org/W1997146740","https://openalex.org/W1998191601","https://openalex.org/W1999185903","https://openalex.org/W2010695531","https://openalex.org/W2024516164","https://openalex.org/W2026765196","https://openalex.org/W2029189742","https://openalex.org/W2035081077","https://openalex.org/W2037330020","https://openalex.org/W2040125531","https://openalex.org/W2040830530","https://openalex.org/W2041333919","https://openalex.org/W2042881536","https://openalex.org/W2049387462","https://openalex.org/W2050904362","https://openalex.org/W2064691554","https://openalex.org/W2064858631","https://openalex.org/W2071314945","https://openalex.org/W2073232297","https://openalex.org/W2080545907","https://openalex.org/W2080979683","https://openalex.org/W2081087027","https://openalex.org/W2082528982","https://openalex.org/W2085042242","https://openalex.org/W2088885840","https://openalex.org/W2091391576","https://openalex.org/W2100316976","https://openalex.org/W2105089534","https://openalex.org/W2107376589","https://openalex.org/W2107815843","https://openalex.org/W2109183455","https://openalex.org/W2111072395","https://openalex.org/W2115747715","https://openalex.org/W2119362097","https://openalex.org/W2128221120","https://openalex.org/W2143604006","https://openalex.org/W2160375667","https://openalex.org/W2161800660","https://openalex.org/W2164240303","https://openalex.org/W2170687555","https://openalex.org/W2240380972","https://openalex.org/W2312271729","https://openalex.org/W2890683413","https://openalex.org/W2891161060","https://openalex.org/W2892185380","https://openalex.org/W3021754561","https://openalex.org/W3121617872","https://openalex.org/W3121715757","https://openalex.org/W3122216762","https://openalex.org/W3123078079","https://openalex.org/W3123376974","https://openalex.org/W3123464746","https://openalex.org/W3124160272","https://openalex.org/W3125031979","https://openalex.org/W3125821628","https://openalex.org/W4238817359","https://openalex.org/W4239567262","https://openalex.org/W4245156943","https://openalex.org/W4250388725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097932013","https://openalex.org/W7096072456","https://openalex.org/W2182075625","https://openalex.org/W2400609147","https://openalex.org/W2254349207","https://openalex.org/W1990508759","https://openalex.org/W1520514317","https://openalex.org/W2563758857","https://openalex.org/W2309370314","https://openalex.org/W1510734891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"extensive":[1],"theoretical":[2],"literature":[3],"investigates":[4],"the":[5,17,23,34,47,55,67,79,82],"role":[6,25],"of":[7,12,26,50,84],"promotions":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,38,51],"signal":[11],"worker":[13],"ability.":[14],"We":[15],"extend":[16],"theory":[18],"by":[19],"focusing":[20],"on":[21],"how":[22],"signaling":[24,62,85],"promotion":[27,70],"varies":[28],"with":[29],"education":[30],"and":[31,74,90],"then":[32],"investigate":[33],"resulting":[35],"predictions":[36],"using":[37],"longitudinal":[39],"data":[40],"set":[41],"that":[42],"contains":[43],"detailed":[44],"information":[45],"concerning":[46,72,81],"internal-labor-market":[48],"history":[49],"medium-sized":[52],"firm":[53],"in":[54],"financial":[56],"services":[57],"industry.":[58],"Our":[59],"results":[60],"support":[61],"being":[63],"important":[64],"for":[65,86],"understanding":[66],"differences":[68],"between":[69],"practices":[71],"bachelor\u2019s":[73],"master\u2019s":[75],"degree":[76],"holders,":[77],"while":[78],"evidence":[80],"importance":[83],"high":[87],"school":[88],"graduates":[89],"PhDs":[91],"is":[92],"mixed.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}