{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149828083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000123","title":"Trade Competition and Domestic Pollution: A Panel Study, 1980\u20132003","display_name":"Trade Competition and Domestic Pollution: A Panel Study, 1980\u20132003","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149828083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000123","mag":"2149828083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0020818310000123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160686149","display_name":"International Organization","issn_l":"0020-8183","issn":["0020-8183","1531-5088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311702","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726482","display_name":"Xun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-9382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-9382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Essex, United Kingdom. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Essex, United Kingdom. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064992353","display_name":"Aseem Prakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-0135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-0135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aseem Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.1205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.992624,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"481","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-competition","display_name":"trade competition","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equivalence","display_name":"structural equivalence","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-pollution","display_name":"water pollution","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-oxygen-demand","display_name":"biochemical oxygen demand","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade-and-environment","display_name":"international trade and environment","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-diffusion","display_name":"policy diffusion","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7217473983764648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.6174635291099548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5549792647361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5526554584503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.5197567343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5039786696434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.417802631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3696092367172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.11818617582321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11144337058067322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0795145034790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0020818310000123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020818310000123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160686149","display_name":"International Organization","issn_l":"0020-8183","issn":["0020-8183","1531-5088"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311702","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1009.3537","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1009.3537","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ncgg.princeton.edu/IPES/2008/papers/F113_paper1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1013.4890","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1013.4890","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aseem_Prakash/publication/46544908_Trade_Competition_and_Domestic_Pollution_A_Panel_Study_19802003/links/00b7d53c3d37ed415f000000.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.719.2654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.719.2654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.personal.psu.edu/xuc11/blogs/x/home/research/CaoPrakash2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cup:intorg:v:64:y:2010:i:03:p:481-503_00","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818310000123/type/journal_article","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201081632","https://openalex.org/W250467506","https://openalex.org/W268000214","https://openalex.org/W287115168","https://openalex.org/W1489177279","https://openalex.org/W1500383076","https://openalex.org/W1551655774","https://openalex.org/W1569673717","https://openalex.org/W1572367036","https://openalex.org/W1599538136","https://openalex.org/W1969121955","https://openalex.org/W1978648732","https://openalex.org/W1990374728","https://openalex.org/W1990594397","https://openalex.org/W1991701263","https://openalex.org/W1993663609","https://openalex.org/W1996199418","https://openalex.org/W2000623360","https://openalex.org/W2001029568","https://openalex.org/W2005928537","https://openalex.org/W2024898873","https://openalex.org/W2025718926","https://openalex.org/W2040659533","https://openalex.org/W2047045802","https://openalex.org/W2048847440","https://openalex.org/W2049910379","https://openalex.org/W2054335542","https://openalex.org/W2061192503","https://openalex.org/W2062317090","https://openalex.org/W2067369851","https://openalex.org/W2067793852","https://openalex.org/W2068117744","https://openalex.org/W2075693476","https://openalex.org/W2076820284","https://openalex.org/W2078674938","https://openalex.org/W2081714882","https://openalex.org/W2085252962","https://openalex.org/W2088128647","https://openalex.org/W2090841340","https://openalex.org/W2092050244","https://openalex.org/W2096037123","https://openalex.org/W2097284415","https://openalex.org/W2100548763","https://openalex.org/W2100618934","https://openalex.org/W2100931892","https://openalex.org/W2105146505","https://openalex.org/W2113205607","https://openalex.org/W2113789210","https://openalex.org/W2115534119","https://openalex.org/W2119644075","https://openalex.org/W2122831705","https://openalex.org/W2123972665","https://openalex.org/W2125388400","https://openalex.org/W2129610866","https://openalex.org/W2131036946","https://openalex.org/W2131740028","https://openalex.org/W2133339157","https://openalex.org/W2139937085","https://openalex.org/W2144082362","https://openalex.org/W2150366632","https://openalex.org/W2150371751","https://openalex.org/W2154220537","https://openalex.org/W2154249768","https://openalex.org/W2155362982","https://openalex.org/W2156751726","https://openalex.org/W2163890699","https://openalex.org/W2164451921","https://openalex.org/W2164727630","https://openalex.org/W2168615183","https://openalex.org/W2238442143","https://openalex.org/W2320454046","https://openalex.org/W2605708953","https://openalex.org/W2800326473","https://openalex.org/W2911510695","https://openalex.org/W2973053305","https://openalex.org/W2973172851","https://openalex.org/W2989377525","https://openalex.org/W3024769607","https://openalex.org/W3121627254","https://openalex.org/W3121659733","https://openalex.org/W3121892825","https://openalex.org/W3138377669","https://openalex.org/W3148116038","https://openalex.org/W3150919742","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300598382","https://openalex.org/W4303102560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099163604","https://openalex.org/W2485918003","https://openalex.org/W2735952364","https://openalex.org/W2890867555","https://openalex.org/W2363300794","https://openalex.org/W1877678081","https://openalex.org/W7097983399","https://openalex.org/W856164690","https://openalex.org/W2091262819","https://openalex.org/W1983884128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"research":[2],"note":[3],"examines":[4],"whether":[5,102],"trade":[6,17,84,103],"competition":[7,85,104],"abets":[8,105],"regulatory":[9,109],"races":[10],"in":[11,114,165],"the":[12,40,44,77,115,151],"environmental":[13],"area.":[14],"To":[15],"analyze":[16,53],"competition,":[18],"we":[19,52],"develop":[20],"a":[21,31,71,87],"new":[22,50],"measure,":[23,51],"structural":[24],"equivalence,":[25],"which":[26],"assesses":[27],"competitive":[28],"threats":[29],"that":[30,83,113,128],"country":[32],"faces":[33],"from":[34],"other":[35],"countries":[36,75,120,136,157],"whose":[37],"firms":[38],"export":[39],"same":[41,45],"products":[42],"to":[43,123,160],"destination":[46],"countries.":[47,97,167],"Employing":[48],"this":[49],"air":[54,154],"pollution":[55,63,92],"intensity":[56,64,93],"(sulfur":[57],"dioxide":[58],"or":[59,68],"SO2)":[60],"and":[61,107,125,144],"water":[62,91,118],"(biochemical":[65],"oxygen":[66],"demand":[67],"BOD)":[69],"for":[70,76],"panel":[72],"of":[73,90,117,153],"140":[74],"time":[78],"period":[79],"1980\u20132003.":[80],"We":[81,98,111],"find":[82,112],"is":[86],"significant":[88],"predictor":[89],"among":[94],"structurally":[95,133],"equivalent":[96,134],"then":[99],"test":[100],"separately":[101],"upward":[106,126],"downward":[108,124,161],"races.":[110],"case":[116,152],"pollution,":[119,155],"respond":[121],"symmetrically":[122],"races,":[127],"is,":[129],"they":[130,139,146],"follow":[131],"their":[132,142],"competitor":[135,166],"both":[137],"when":[138,145],"ratchet":[140,147],"down":[141],"regulations":[143],"up":[148],"regulations.":[149],"In":[150],"however,":[156],"are":[158],"responsive":[159],"policy":[162],"changes":[163],"only":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
