{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149802433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237740","title":"Language Fluency and Earnings: Estimation with Misclassified Language Indicators","display_name":"Language Fluency and Earnings: Estimation with Misclassified Language Indicators","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149802433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237740","mag":"2149802433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/003465301753237740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180061323","display_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0034-6535","issn":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/12629/1/12629.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019216207","display_name":"Christian Dustmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-1429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-1429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139607695","display_name":"Institute for Fiscal Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04r1cjx59","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139607695"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Dustmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London and Institute for Fiscal Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139607695","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025897422","display_name":"Arthur van Soest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-8382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4765-8382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","display_name":"Tilburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur van Soest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tilburg University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tilburg University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4011,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":286,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98146923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"4","first_page":"663","last_page":"674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-fluency","display_name":"language fluency","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-earnings","display_name":"immigrant earnings","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misclassification","display_name":"misclassification","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinal-variables","display_name":"ordinal variables","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobserved-heterogeneity","display_name":"unobserved heterogeneity","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-determinants","display_name":"wage determinants","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.8797985315322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7798833847045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.7143002152442932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5604234337806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909711754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100785","display_name":"Ordinal Scale","level":2,"score":0.49500221014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4461308419704437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.44067680835723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3316657543182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3125588893890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30242347717285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16164642572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.08040976524353027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06150257587432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":12,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/003465301753237740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180061323","display_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics","issn_l":"0034-6535","issn":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:openaire_cris_publications/81efacb2-a967-467d-a1a4-9bf3e18c53c3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/81efacb2-a967-467d-a1a4-9bf3e18c53c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401490","display_name":"Research portal (Tilburg University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","host_organization_name":"Tilburg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dustmann, C & van Soest, A H O 2001, 'Language fluency and earnings : Estimation with misclassified language indicators', Review of Economics and Statistics, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 663-674.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:tpr:restat:v:83:y:2001:i:4:p:663-674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/003465301753237740","pdf_url":"http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/003465301753237740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:12629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/12629/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/12629/1/12629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"REV ECON STAT , 83 (4) 663 - 674. (2001)","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.559.1619","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.559.1619","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/12629/1/12629.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.568.4968","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.568.4968","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~uctpb21/Cpapers/languagefluency.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:tiu:tiucen:5f5a4231-5663-4a13-92a7-51aaf5dd2805","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.tilburguniversity.edu/bitstreams/4be01493-de22-4ac8-a488-b78a64ee1ef0/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:uvt:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:publications/5f5a4231-5663-4a13-92a7-51aaf5dd2805","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/5f5a4231-5663-4a13-92a7-51aaf5dd2805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"VOLUME=1998-120;TITLE=None","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingpaper"},{"id":"pmh:uvt:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:publications/81efacb2-a967-467d-a1a4-9bf3e18c53c3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/81efacb2-a967-467d-a1a4-9bf3e18c53c3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 663 - 674. MIT Press Journals","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:3086117971","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/tiutiucen/5f5a4231-5663-4a13-92a7-51aaf5dd2805.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3124830913","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=165659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:dgr:kubcen:1998120","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=3796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:12629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/12629/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/12629/1/12629.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"REV ECON STAT , 83 (4) 663 - 674. (2001)","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149802433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149802433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89908149","https://openalex.org/W1523046560","https://openalex.org/W1533347966","https://openalex.org/W1970160179","https://openalex.org/W1975048238","https://openalex.org/W1988644013","https://openalex.org/W2002616876","https://openalex.org/W2004877180","https://openalex.org/W2012127215","https://openalex.org/W2016846642","https://openalex.org/W2030732284","https://openalex.org/W2052868404","https://openalex.org/W2056356148","https://openalex.org/W2089905787","https://openalex.org/W2116877194","https://openalex.org/W2138582251","https://openalex.org/W2301762651","https://openalex.org/W3088410818","https://openalex.org/W3121199680","https://openalex.org/W3121945217","https://openalex.org/W3122676602","https://openalex.org/W3124239152","https://openalex.org/W3124425419","https://openalex.org/W4298863114","https://openalex.org/W4301724175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056356148","https://openalex.org/W3122832403","https://openalex.org/W7118183506","https://openalex.org/W3121132636","https://openalex.org/W2002616876","https://openalex.org/W2769263851","https://openalex.org/W7099586216","https://openalex.org/W2052868404","https://openalex.org/W2008100245","https://openalex.org/W6884649854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"use":[1],"panel":[2],"data":[3],"to":[4,92],"analyze":[5],"the":[6,28,66,87,96],"determinants":[7],"of":[8,13,19,27,30,86,99],"speaking":[9,31,100],"fluency":[10,32,101],"and":[11,61,75],"wages":[12],"immigrants.":[14],"Our":[15],"model":[16,54,67,89],"takes":[17],"account":[18],"two":[20,84],"problems":[21],"that":[22,82],"may":[23],"bias":[24],"OLS":[25],"estimates":[26],"impact":[29],"on":[33,38,102],"earnings.":[34,103],"First,":[35],"subjective":[36],"variables":[37],"an":[39],"ordinal":[40],"discrete":[41],"scale,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"self-reported":[45],"language":[46,74],"ability,":[47],"can":[48],"suffer":[49],"from":[50],"misclassification":[51,56],"errors.":[52],"The":[53,78],"decomposes":[55],"errors":[57],"into":[58],"a":[59,62],"time-persistent":[60],"time-varying":[63],"component.":[64],"Second,":[65],"accounts":[68],"for":[69],"correlated":[70],"unobserved":[71],"heterogeneity":[72],"in":[73,95],"earnings":[76],"equation.":[77],"main":[79],"finding":[80],"is":[81],"these":[83],"generalizations":[85],"standard":[88],"both":[90],"lead":[91],"substantial":[93],"changes":[94],"estimated":[97],"effect":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}