{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149731005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103x9901200103","title":"The Development of Musical Pattern Perception in School-Aged Children","display_name":"The Development of Musical Pattern Perception in School-Aged Children","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149731005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103x9901200103","mag":"2149731005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1321103x9901200103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103x9901200103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103x9901200103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126635235","display_name":"Research Studies in Music Education","issn_l":"1321-103X","issn":["1321-103X","1834-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Studies in Music Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008263584","display_name":"Joyce Eastlund Gromko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joyce Eastlund Gromko","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Musical Arts and the Associate Dean for Academic\rAffairs at the Graduate College within Bowling Green State University, Bowling\rGreen, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Musical Arts and the Associate Dean for Academic\rAffairs at the Graduate College within Bowling Green State University, Bowling\rGreen, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Karen Walters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Walters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bowling Green State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bowling Green State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97168183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11425","display_name":"Diverse Music Education Insights","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11425","display_name":"Diverse Music Education Insights","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14287","display_name":"Music Education and Analysis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiation","display_name":"audiation","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone-patterns","display_name":"tonal patterns","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhythmic-patterns","display_name":"rhythmic patterns","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orff-schulwerk","display_name":"Orff Schulwerk","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-education","display_name":"music education","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solfege","display_name":"solf\u00e8ge","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical-development","display_name":"musical development","score":0.32899999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.8091753721237183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43803900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170412","display_name":"Melody","level":3,"score":0.7190831899642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119340705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628597","display_name":"Analysis of covariance","level":2,"score":0.6798173189163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.5545145273208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5520468354225159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.533062756061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4840816557407379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.448609322309494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.43566352128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144301174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7893852","display_name":"Univariate analysis","level":3,"score":0.43288707733154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102959455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313954","display_name":"Repeated measures design","level":2,"score":0.42313092947006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23200145363807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1928282380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.17969286441802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15767693519592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.13511455059051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1321103x9901200103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103x9901200103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1321103x9901200103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126635235","display_name":"Research Studies in Music Education","issn_l":"1321-103X","issn":["1321-103X","1834-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research Studies in Music Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990874552","https://openalex.org/W1996082650","https://openalex.org/W1996471421","https://openalex.org/W2000702002","https://openalex.org/W2030792112","https://openalex.org/W2039481772","https://openalex.org/W2074238207","https://openalex.org/W2081233856","https://openalex.org/W2087161818","https://openalex.org/W2100714623","https://openalex.org/W2155928763","https://openalex.org/W2155940165","https://openalex.org/W2157918465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620174467","https://openalex.org/W2142070046","https://openalex.org/W2331520622","https://openalex.org/W2105472363","https://openalex.org/W2087209557","https://openalex.org/W2161119250","https://openalex.org/W2034932136","https://openalex.org/W2092056852","https://openalex.org/W1967268287","https://openalex.org/W236492429"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,11,18,28,37,125,164,205,221,230,240,270],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5],"to":[6,40,191,244,266],"investigate":[7],"whether":[8],"children's":[9,38],"development":[10],"musical":[12,46,63,245,253,271],"pattern":[13],"perception":[14,269],"is":[15,34],"a":[16,35,57,145,184,227],"function":[17],"their":[19,268],"audiation":[20,136,150,175,194,197,213,241],"ability,":[21],"as":[22,133,138,142,172,177,181],"measured":[23],"by":[24],"the":[25,94],"Intermediate":[26],"Measures":[27],"Music":[29],"Audiation":[30],"(IMMA).":[31],"IMMA":[33],"test":[36],"ability":[39,242],"compare":[41],"short":[42],"tonal":[43,129],"and":[44,78,98,100,108,131,140,170,179,193],"rhythmic":[45,89],"patterns":[47,90,104],"(Gordon,":[48],"1982).":[49],"All":[50],"elementary":[51,59],"children":[52,236,249],"(N":[53],"=":[54,155,208,224],"48)":[55],"at":[56],"private":[58],"school":[60],"participated":[61],"in":[62,82],"activity":[64],"from":[65,93,115,189],"January":[66,116],"1998":[67],"through":[68,117],"May":[69],"1998.":[70,119],"Children":[71],"sang":[72,99],"songs;":[73],"played":[74],"songs":[75],"on":[76],"recorder":[77],"hand":[79,110],"drum;":[80],"performed":[81],"an":[83,200,216],"Orff":[84],"Schulwerk":[85],"orchestra;":[86],"read":[87],"selected":[88,102],"using":[91,105],"syllables":[92,107],"French":[95],"conservatory":[96],"system;":[97],"signed":[101],"melodic":[103],"solfege":[106],"Curwen":[109],"signs,":[111],"one":[112],"hour":[113],"weekly":[114],"May,":[118],"A":[120,159],"univariate":[121,160],"repeated":[122,161],"measures":[123,162],"analysis":[124,163],"covariance":[126,165],"(ANCOVA),":[127,166],"with":[128,167,199,215,237],"pretest":[130,169,190],"posttest":[132,171,192,203,219],"dependent":[134,173],"variables,":[135,174],"group":[137,176],"factor":[139,178],"age":[141,180],"covariate,":[143,182],"showed":[144,183,226],"significant":[146,185],"main":[147],"effect":[148],"for":[149],"group,":[151],"F":[152],"(1,":[153],"45)":[154],"24.93,":[156],"p<":[157],".001.":[158],"rhythm":[168,202,218],"interaction":[186],"between":[187],"gain":[188],"group.":[195],"High":[196],"children,":[198,214],"adjusted":[201,217],"mean":[204,220],"33.84":[206],"(SE":[207,223],"0.48),":[209],"gained":[210],"+1.52;":[211],"low":[212],"29.96":[222],"0.53),":[225],"net":[228],"loss":[229],"-1.57.":[231],"These":[232],"results":[233],"show":[234],"that":[235],"differing":[238],"levels":[239],"respond":[243],"sound":[246,272],"differently.":[247],"Whereas":[248],"may":[250,256],"have":[251],"positive":[252],"experiences,":[254],"they":[255],"not":[257],"necessarily":[258],"use":[259],"visual,":[260],"tactile,":[261],"kinesthetic,":[262],"or":[263],"spatial":[264],"information":[265],"organize":[267],"into":[273],"patterned":[274],"mental":[275],"images.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}