{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149708120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","title":"Herbicidal Performance of Phenyl Isothiocyanate in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper","display_name":"Herbicidal Performance of Phenyl Isothiocyanate in Polyethylene-Mulched Bell Pepper","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149708120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","mag":"2149708120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128479783","display_name":"Weed Technology","issn_l":"0890-037X","issn":["0890-037X","1550-2740"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weed Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079693900","display_name":"Sanjeev K. Bangarwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev K. Bangarwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031897647","display_name":"Jason Keith Norsworthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-6201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-6201"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason K. Norsworthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001646149","display_name":"Edward E. Gbur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-6307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-6307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward E. Gbur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, 101 Agricultural Annex Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031897647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"763","last_page":"768"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenyl-isothiocyanate","display_name":"phenyl isothiocyanate","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methyl-bromide-alternatives","display_name":"methyl bromide alternatives","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bell-pepper","display_name":"sweet pepper","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene-mulch","display_name":"polyethylene mulch","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyperus-esculentus","display_name":"Cyperus esculentus","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amaranthus-palmeri","display_name":"Amaranthus palmeri","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitaria-sanguinalis","display_name":"Digitaria sanguinalis","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-damage","display_name":"crop damage","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketable-yield","display_name":"marketable yield","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloropicrin","display_name":"chloropicrin","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-emergence-herbicides","display_name":"pre-emergence herbicides","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175092762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q549563","display_name":"Mulch","level":2,"score":0.8214704990386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776242653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907699","display_name":"Pepper","level":2,"score":0.8027012944221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108458091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2033818","display_name":"Low-density polyethylene","level":3,"score":0.7073472738265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423065","display_name":"Chloropicrin","level":3,"score":0.6605544090270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419406","display_name":"Allyl isothiocyanate","level":2,"score":0.6538436412811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776300020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422423","display_name":"Bromide","level":2,"score":0.5890823602676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5558444857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.5213057398796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.493340402841568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.46830904483795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421074","display_name":"Amaranth","level":2,"score":0.45225194096565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143429","display_name":"Polyethylene","level":2,"score":0.40133535861968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.38950982689857483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60915","display_name":"Fumigation","level":2,"score":0.36546000838279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21133863925933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0785340666770935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00070.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128479783","display_name":"Weed Technology","issn_l":"0890-037X","issn":["0890-037X","1550-2740"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Weed Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:10.1614/WT-D-12-00070.1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1614/WT-D-12-00070.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.958299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39552409","https://openalex.org/W219176908","https://openalex.org/W1511437241","https://openalex.org/W1533433098","https://openalex.org/W1668720348","https://openalex.org/W2019540442","https://openalex.org/W2022261649","https://openalex.org/W2034064856","https://openalex.org/W2041550216","https://openalex.org/W2048132644","https://openalex.org/W2050249278","https://openalex.org/W2085577263","https://openalex.org/W2095252122","https://openalex.org/W2113639363","https://openalex.org/W2127878671","https://openalex.org/W2139576522","https://openalex.org/W2143172613","https://openalex.org/W2172581336","https://openalex.org/W2176126928","https://openalex.org/W2178683691","https://openalex.org/W2180769654","https://openalex.org/W2341927656","https://openalex.org/W2470844256","https://openalex.org/W2472426861","https://openalex.org/W2509903149","https://openalex.org/W2572975636","https://openalex.org/W3022255685","https://openalex.org/W3096924332","https://openalex.org/W4300066526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019540442","https://openalex.org/W2155915205","https://openalex.org/W2061929952","https://openalex.org/W2109652534","https://openalex.org/W2270511102","https://openalex.org/W2341927656","https://openalex.org/W1978235850","https://openalex.org/W303213032","https://openalex.org/W2299413166","https://openalex.org/W2157382816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methyl":[0],"bromide":[1,19,46,223,243,259,279],"is":[2,263,287,298],"a":[3,26,30,44,93],"common":[4],"fumigant":[5],"for":[6,48,110,280],"effective":[7,281,313],"weed":[8,49,123,282,308,314],"control":[9,50,124,212,309,315],"in":[10,20,51,120,128,149,162,167,180,224,244,250,260,304],"polyethylene-mulched":[11,52],"vegetable":[12],"crops.":[13],"However,":[14],"the":[15,21,36,138],"ban":[16],"on":[17],"methyl":[18,45,97,222,242,258,278],"United":[22],"States":[23],"has":[24],"created":[25],"need":[27],"to":[28,185,192,211,221,257,289,300,311],"find":[29],"suitable":[31],"alternative.":[32],"This":[33],"study":[34],"investigated":[35],"herbicidal":[37],"efficacy":[38],"of":[39,61,96,143,153,187,195,236],"phenyl":[40,62,140,175,198,237,251,266,302],"isothiocyanate":[41],"(ITC)":[42],"as":[43],"alternative":[47],"bell":[53,129,157],"pepper":[54,132,158,230],"during":[55],"2006":[56,163,225],"and":[57,89,204,217,226,284,293],"2007.":[58,261],"Six":[59],"rates":[60,235],"ITC":[63,141,199,238,252,267,303],"(0,":[64],"15,":[65],"75,":[66],"150,":[67],"750,":[68],"1,500":[69,144],"kg":[70,104,145,173,208],"ha\u22121)":[71],"under":[72],"low-density":[73],"polyethylene":[74],"(LDPE)":[75],"or":[76,125],"virtually":[77],"impermeable":[78],"film":[79],"(VIF)":[80],"mulch":[81,107,113,119,154,196],"were":[82],"tested":[83],"against":[84],"yellow":[85,213],"nutsedge,":[86,214],"Palmer":[87,215],"amaranth,":[88,216],"large":[90,218],"crabgrass.":[91],"Additionally,":[92],"standard":[94],"treatment":[95],"bromide/chloropicrin":[98],"(67":[99],":":[100],"33%)":[101],"at":[102,137,171,200,233,253,271],"390":[103],"ha\u22121under":[105],"LDPE":[106,118],"was":[108,160,239],"included":[109],"comparison.":[111],"VIF":[112],"provided":[114],"no":[115],"advantage":[116],"over":[117],"either":[121],"improving":[122],"marketable":[126,231,248],"yield":[127,232,249,294],"pepper.":[130],"Unacceptable":[131],"injury":[133,159,179,292],"(\u2265":[134,164],"60%)":[135],"occurred":[136],"highest":[139],"rate":[142,276],"ha\u22121at":[146],"2":[147],"WATP":[148],"both":[150],"years,":[151],"regardless":[152],"type.":[155],"Higher":[156],"observed":[161],"36%)":[165],"than":[166,241,277],"2007":[168,181],"(\u2264":[169],"11%)":[170],"750":[172],"ha\u22121of":[174],"ITC.":[176],"The":[177],"lower":[178,240],"could":[182],"be":[183,269],"attributed":[184],"aeration":[186,286],"beds":[188],"48":[189],"h":[190],"prior":[191],"transplanting.":[193],"Regardless":[194],"type,":[197],"2,071":[201],"(\u00b1":[202,206],"197)":[203],"1,655":[205],"309)":[207],"ha\u22121was":[209,255],"required":[210,288],"crabgrass":[219],"equivalent":[220,256],"2007,":[227],"respectively.":[228],"Bell":[229],"all":[234],"2006.":[245],"In":[246],"contrast,":[247],"750\u2013kg":[254],"It":[262],"concluded":[264],"that":[265],"should":[268],"applied":[270],"least":[272],"4.2":[273],"times":[274],"higher":[275],"control,":[283],"bed":[285],"minimize":[290],"crop":[291,318],"loss.":[295],"Additional":[296],"research":[297],"needed":[299],"test":[301],"combination":[305],"with":[306,316],"other":[307],"strategies":[310],"obtain":[312],"acceptable":[317],"safety.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}