{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149649308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","title":"Malolactic fermentation: electrogenic malate uptake and malate/lactate antiport generate metabolic energy","display_name":"Malolactic fermentation: electrogenic malate uptake and malate/lactate antiport generate metabolic energy","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149649308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","mag":"2149649308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1917837","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/208348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133274750","display_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","issn_l":"0021-9193","issn":["0021-9193","1067-8832","1098-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC208348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113779622","display_name":"B. Poolman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1455-531X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1455-531X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Poolman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047527401","display_name":"Douwe Molenaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-4545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-4545","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-0614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Molenaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016023826","display_name":"Eddy J. Smid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-5083","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-5083"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E J Smid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082634773","display_name":"Trees Ubbink-Kok","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Ubbink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090226743","display_name":"Tjakko Abee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-9900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8811-9900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Abee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051011688","display_name":"Pierre Renault","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-053X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-053X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P P Renault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113666475","display_name":"Wil N. Konings","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W N Konings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95307225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"173","issue":"19","first_page":"6030","last_page":"6037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.57669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.57669997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12763","display_name":"ATP Synthase and ATPases Research","score":0.1615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.12870000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malolactic-fermentation","display_name":"malolactic fermentation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactococcus-lactis","display_name":"Lactococcus lactis","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-motive-force","display_name":"proton motive force","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-potential","display_name":"membrane potential","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-gradient","display_name":"pH gradient","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp-production","display_name":"ATP production","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-lactate","display_name":"L-lactate","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-vesicles","display_name":"membrane vesicles","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytochrome-c-oxidase","display_name":"cytochrome c oxidase","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decarboxylation","display_name":"decarboxylation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substrate-level-phosphorylation","display_name":"substrate-level phosphorylation","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57181701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2853339","display_name":"Antiporter","level":3,"score":0.719891369342804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78945660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654005","display_name":"Malolactic fermentation","level":4,"score":0.7107083201408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.6706023812294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6153889894485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171357686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910130","display_name":"Chemiosmosis","level":4,"score":0.5543203949928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780968799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190143","display_name":"Malic acid","level":3,"score":0.5370748043060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132901563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412007","display_name":"Malate dehydrogenase","level":3,"score":0.5096490383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777330628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7033077","display_name":"Nigericin","level":3,"score":0.4827667772769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20251656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162643","display_name":"Glycolysis","level":3,"score":0.4259773790836334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.3674848675727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775920511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161249","display_name":"Lactic acid","level":3,"score":0.36530762910842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.2859479784965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112243037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327117","display_name":"ATP synthase","level":3,"score":0.1577504277229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.12232246994972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.06364235281944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779032678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159683","display_name":"Citric acid","level":2,"score":0.055083513259887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001692","descriptor_name":"Biological Transport","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004734","descriptor_name":"Energy Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005285","descriptor_name":"Fermentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007773","descriptor_name":"Lactates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008291","descriptor_name":"Malate Dehydrogenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008293","descriptor_name":"Malates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013294","descriptor_name":"Lactococcus lactis","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133274750","display_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","issn_l":"0021-9193","issn":["0021-9193","1067-8832","1098-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:80115","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC208348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1917837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1917837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of bacteriology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:208348","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC208348/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Bacteriol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/8968f9cb-b4ae-40c3-81c5-6b5cdaa6a2e0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/8968f9cb-b4ae-40c3-81c5-6b5cdaa6a2e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poolman, B, Molenaar, D, Smid, E J, Ubbink, T, Abee, T, Renault, P P & Konings, W N 1991, 'Malolactic Fermentation : Electrogenic Malate Uptake and Malate/Lactate Antiport Generate Metabolic Energy', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 173, no. 19, pp. 6030-6037.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/62c69fb9-9f6c-4eca-a199-856e2be09385","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/62c69fb9-9f6c-4eca-a199-856e2be09385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Poolman, B, MOLENAAR, D, Smid, E J, Ubbink, D T, Abee, T, RENAULT, PP & Konings, W N 1991, 'MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION - ELECTROGENIC MALATE UPTAKE AND MALATE LACTATE ANTIPORT GENERATE METABOLIC ENERGY', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 173, no. 19, pp. 6030-6037. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.19.6030-6037.1991","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.625.9715","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.625.9715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://gbb.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/root/1991/JBacteriolPoolman/1991JBacteriolPoolman.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/8968f9cb-b4ae-40c3-81c5-6b5cdaa6a2e0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/8968f9cb-b4ae-40c3-81c5-6b5cdaa6a2e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bacteriology, 173(19), 6030 - 6037. AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/62c69fb9-9f6c-4eca-a199-856e2be09385","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/62c69fb9-9f6c-4eca-a199-856e2be09385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bacteriology, 173(19), 6030 - 6037. American Society for Microbiology","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:80115","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC208348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320934","display_name":"Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen","ror":"https://ror.org/043c0p156"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64631016","https://openalex.org/W1518265218","https://openalex.org/W1532540086","https://openalex.org/W1550650979","https://openalex.org/W1598858252","https://openalex.org/W1620169702","https://openalex.org/W1706996990","https://openalex.org/W1768078207","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1844594582","https://openalex.org/W1852134768","https://openalex.org/W1859943571","https://openalex.org/W2007443054","https://openalex.org/W2013061292","https://openalex.org/W2030365713","https://openalex.org/W2036494196","https://openalex.org/W2053183367","https://openalex.org/W2073203502","https://openalex.org/W2103032054","https://openalex.org/W2121489674","https://openalex.org/W2136336237","https://openalex.org/W2168753468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098163849","https://openalex.org/W7099740496","https://openalex.org/W1766515964","https://openalex.org/W2082791456","https://openalex.org/W1620169702","https://openalex.org/W2337721073","https://openalex.org/W7097664456","https://openalex.org/W2073203502","https://openalex.org/W2033707517","https://openalex.org/W7100493724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,241,281],"mechanism":[1],"of":[2,18,25,49,59,84,92,96,100,108,133,197,211,222,248,268,277,279],"metabolic":[3,85,249],"energy":[4,86,250,283],"production":[5],"by":[6,46,64,105,155,202],"malolactic":[7,80,101,140,252],"fermentation":[8,54,102,253],"in":[9,56,139,171,183,208],"Lactococcus":[10],"lactis":[11,136],"has":[12,35,127],"been":[13,128],"investigated.":[14],"In":[15,142,177],"the":[16,37,41,47,57,65,69,82,90,106,169,172,209,246,293,296],"presence":[17,107],"L-malate,":[19,223],"a":[20,26,50,156,191,203,239],"proton":[21,42,192,273,290],"motive":[22,43,193],"force":[23,44],"composed":[24],"membrane":[27,131,143,157,178,216],"potential":[28,158,217],"and":[29,68,150,174,259],"pH":[30,204],"gradient":[31,205],"is":[32,62,103,114,166,227],"generated":[33,45],"which":[34,61,184],"about":[36],"same":[38],"magnitude":[39],"as":[40,190,213,275],"metabolism":[48],"glycolytic":[51],"substrate.":[52],"Malolactic":[53],"results":[55],"synthesis":[58],"ATP":[60],"inhibited":[63],"ionophore":[66],"nigericin":[67],"F0F1-ATPase":[70],"inhibitor":[71],"N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.":[72],"Since":[73],"substrate-level":[74],"phosphorylation":[75],"does":[76],"not":[77],"occur":[78],"during":[79,251],"fermentation,":[81],"generation":[83,247],"must":[87],"originate":[88],"from":[89,255],"uptake":[91,221,262],"L-malate":[93,113,148,198,226,299],"and/or":[94],"excretion":[95],"L-lactate.":[97,117],"initiation":[99],"stimulated":[104,154],"L-lactate":[109,212],"intracellularly,":[110],"suggesting":[111],"that":[112,162,225,245],"exchanged":[115],"for":[116,120],"Direct":[118],"evidence":[119],"heterologous":[121],"L-malate/L-lactate":[122,151],"(and":[123],"homologous":[124],"L-malate/L-malate)":[125],"antiport":[126,152,175,258],"obtained":[129],"with":[130,146,181,238,265,272],"vesicles":[132,144,179],"an":[134,229,230],"L.":[135],"mutant":[137],"deficient":[138],"enzyme.":[141],"fused":[145,180],"liposomes,":[147],"efflux":[149,173],"are":[153],"(inside":[159,218],"negative),":[160],"indicating":[161,224],"net":[163,282],"negative":[164],"charge":[165],"moved":[167],"to":[168,288,295],"outside":[170,297],"reaction.":[176],"liposomes":[182],"cytochrome":[185],"c":[186],"oxidase":[187],"was":[188],"incorporated":[189],"force-generating":[194],"mechanism,":[195],"transport":[196],"can":[199],"be":[200,286],"driven":[201],"alone,":[206],"i.e.,":[207],"absence":[210],"countersubstrate.":[214],"A":[215],"negative)":[219],"inhibits":[220],"transported":[228],"electronegative":[231],"monoanionic":[232],"species":[233,236],"(or":[234],"dianionic":[235],"together":[237,271],"proton).":[240],"experiments":[242],"described":[243],"suggest":[244],"arises":[254],"electrogenic":[256,260],"malate/lactate":[257],"malate":[261],"(in":[263],"combination":[264],"outward":[266],"diffusion":[267],"lactic":[269],"acid),":[270],"consumption":[274],"result":[276],"decarboxylation":[278],"L-malate.":[280],"gain":[284],"would":[285],"equivalent":[287],"one":[289],"translocated":[291],"form":[292],"inside":[294],"per":[298],"metabolized.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}