{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149582425","doi":null,"title":"Identifying Urdu Complex Predication via Bigram Extraction","display_name":"Identifying Urdu Complex Predication via Bigram Extraction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149582425","mag":"2149582425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/29101","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","pdf_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MARTIN KAY ..., , Hrsg.. Proceedings of COLING 2012 : 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics ; vol. 1. Mumbai, 2012, S. 409-424","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006358945","display_name":"Miriam Butt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-9223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-9223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0409-9223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007114831","display_name":"Tina B\u00f6gel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-3730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-3730"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina B\u00f6gel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5644-3730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072958491","display_name":"Annette Hautli-Janisz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-9633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-9633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annette Hautli-Janisz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-9633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032209577","display_name":"Sebastian Sulger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Sulger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010296050","display_name":"Tafseer Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-634X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-634X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tafseer Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8023468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"409","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu language","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-analysis","display_name":"syntactic analysis","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency-parsing","display_name":"dependency parsing","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphologically-rich-languages","display_name":"morphologically rich languages","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.8673621416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8445239067077637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6688225865364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6618923544883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6137639284133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5590347647666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4992671012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519982507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568","display_name":"Hindi","level":2,"score":0.4617716073989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43198662996292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43167775869369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4193386137485504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.20723840594291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1295655369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/29101","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","pdf_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MARTIN KAY ..., , Hrsg.. Proceedings of COLING 2012 : 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics ; vol. 1. Mumbai, 2012, S. 409-424","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:2149582425","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ling.uni-konstanz.de/pages/home/pargram_urdu/main/files/Buttetal_Coling12.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419219","display_name":"International Conference on Computational Linguistics","issn_l":"1525-2477","issn":["1525-2477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Computational Linguistics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/29101","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","pdf_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-253654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MARTIN KAY ..., , Hrsg.. Proceedings of COLING 2012 : 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics ; vol. 1. Mumbai, 2012, S. 409-424","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149582425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149582425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45677668","https://openalex.org/W109036064","https://openalex.org/W114590151","https://openalex.org/W342998476","https://openalex.org/W755154446","https://openalex.org/W1488597958","https://openalex.org/W1495378783","https://openalex.org/W1506965148","https://openalex.org/W1516293359","https://openalex.org/W1572758415","https://openalex.org/W1572783941","https://openalex.org/W1594453896","https://openalex.org/W1968806975","https://openalex.org/W1996136679","https://openalex.org/W1998229170","https://openalex.org/W2039217078","https://openalex.org/W2062476972","https://openalex.org/W2097481508","https://openalex.org/W2102130253","https://openalex.org/W2103443012","https://openalex.org/W2109297803","https://openalex.org/W2131740062","https://openalex.org/W2135591990","https://openalex.org/W2138199375","https://openalex.org/W2150349103","https://openalex.org/W2158943277","https://openalex.org/W2168820179","https://openalex.org/W2251249556","https://openalex.org/W2251397506","https://openalex.org/W2268590461","https://openalex.org/W2268733724","https://openalex.org/W2497184447","https://openalex.org/W2513829404","https://openalex.org/W2550419310","https://openalex.org/W2581928639","https://openalex.org/W2611951478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096837672","https://openalex.org/W604729609","https://openalex.org/W2794981520","https://openalex.org/W2976725037","https://openalex.org/W568946710","https://openalex.org/W2251397506","https://openalex.org/W1998229170","https://openalex.org/W1488597958","https://openalex.org/W2131740062","https://openalex.org/W7098926782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"problem":[1,186],"that":[2,95],"crops":[3],"up":[4],"repeatedly":[5],"in":[6,63,94,106],"shallow":[7],"and":[8,37,134,146],"deep":[9],"syntactic":[10],"parsing":[11],"approaches":[12],"to":[13,117,141,148,156,184],"South":[14],"Asian":[15],"languages":[16],"like":[17],"Urdu/Hindi":[18],"is":[19],"the":[20,27,38,43,58,70,85,107,110,128,191],"proper":[21],"treatment":[22],"of":[23,29,42,45,61,74,82,109,122,132,174,179,187,193],"complex":[24,30,161],"predications.Problems":[25],"for":[26,127],"NLP":[28],"predications":[31,162],"are":[32],"posed":[33],"by":[34,69,91],"their":[35,46],"productiveness":[36],"ill":[39],"understood":[40],"nature":[41],"range":[44],"combinatorial":[47],"possibilities.This":[48],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"an":[51,119],"investigation":[52],"into":[53],"whether":[54],"fine-grained":[55],"information":[56],"about":[57],"distributional":[59],"properties":[60],"nouns":[62],"N+V":[64],"CPs":[65],"can":[66],"be":[67,118,142],"identified":[68],"comparatively":[71],"simple":[72],"process":[73],"extracting":[75],"bigrams":[76],"from":[77],"a":[78,176,185,194],"large":[79,111,195],"\"raw\"":[80],"corpus":[81],"Urdu.In":[83],"gathering":[84],"relevant":[86],"properties,":[87],"we":[88,96,152,169],"were":[89,153],"aided":[90],"visual":[92,104,130],"analytics":[93],"coupled":[97],"our":[98,123,143,180],"computational":[99],"data":[100,112,124,188],"analysis":[101,108],"with":[102],"interactive":[103],"components":[105],"sets.The":[113],"visualization":[114],"component":[115,138],"proved":[116],"essential":[120,137],"part":[121],"analysis,":[125],"particular":[126],"easy":[129],"identification":[131],"outliers":[133],"false":[135],"positives.Another":[136],"turned":[139],"out":[140,167],"language-particular":[144,150],"knowledge":[145],"access":[147],"existing":[149],"resources.Overall,":[151],"indeed":[154],"able":[155],"identify":[157],"high":[158],"frequency":[159],"N-V":[160],"as":[163,165],"well":[164],"pick":[166],"combinations":[168],"had":[170],"not":[171],"been":[172],"aware":[173],"before.However,":[175],"manual":[177],"inspection":[178],"results":[181],"also":[182],"pointed":[183],"sparsity,":[189],"despite":[190],"use":[192],"corpus.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}