{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149200634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709340508","title":"Implementation and the Governance Problem","display_name":"Implementation and the Governance Problem","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149200634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709340508","mag":"2149200634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0952076709340508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709340508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709340508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17185278","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration","issn_l":"0952-0767","issn":["0952-0767","1749-4192"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Policy and Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061031604","display_name":"Paul Cairney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9956-832X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9956-832X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Cairney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aberdeen University, UK,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aberdeen University, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061031604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2779,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98644958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"355","last_page":"377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12619","display_name":"Political Systems and Governance","score":0.045499999076128006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12210","display_name":"Policy Transfer and Learning","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-implementation","display_name":"policy implementation","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-challenges","display_name":"governance challenges","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devolution","display_name":"devolution","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-gap","display_name":"implementation gap","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-policy","display_name":"top-down policy","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-instruments","display_name":"policy instruments","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-local-relations","display_name":"central-local government relations","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotland","display_name":"Scotland","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wales","display_name":"Wales","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/england","display_name":"England","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190542761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904637","display_name":"Devolution (biology)","level":3,"score":0.8183824419975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7733532190322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135789","display_name":"Unintended consequences","level":2,"score":0.6686033010482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6606704592704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.6307681798934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.455766499042511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68595000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2274177","display_name":"Service delivery framework","level":3,"score":0.45279064774513245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.41695451736450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3687179684638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3286832571029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3065187335014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23979759216308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23745021224021912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13330942392349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09445804357528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.06879812479019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185554395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83944","display_name":"Human evolution","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0952076709340508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709340508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709340508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17185278","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration","issn_l":"0952-0767","issn":["0952-0767","1749-4192"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Policy and Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/15954","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/15954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6601999998092651,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43095147","https://openalex.org/W570351146","https://openalex.org/W584108859","https://openalex.org/W596731248","https://openalex.org/W599507364","https://openalex.org/W637515305","https://openalex.org/W645586638","https://openalex.org/W1511765414","https://openalex.org/W1547437268","https://openalex.org/W1549153369","https://openalex.org/W1568743197","https://openalex.org/W1926886703","https://openalex.org/W1964021260","https://openalex.org/W1967300817","https://openalex.org/W1985546364","https://openalex.org/W1988618658","https://openalex.org/W1995524604","https://openalex.org/W1996867741","https://openalex.org/W1999004728","https://openalex.org/W2009504872","https://openalex.org/W2015049457","https://openalex.org/W2016087111","https://openalex.org/W2022397656","https://openalex.org/W2027764831","https://openalex.org/W2033204176","https://openalex.org/W2039045274","https://openalex.org/W2039265680","https://openalex.org/W2047959078","https://openalex.org/W2056413817","https://openalex.org/W2059194835","https://openalex.org/W2059390773","https://openalex.org/W2061818691","https://openalex.org/W2064740117","https://openalex.org/W2067620163","https://openalex.org/W2069274549","https://openalex.org/W2071234626","https://openalex.org/W2079271597","https://openalex.org/W2086995401","https://openalex.org/W2087235462","https://openalex.org/W2088167283","https://openalex.org/W2095807160","https://openalex.org/W2100585857","https://openalex.org/W2120797017","https://openalex.org/W2131213453","https://openalex.org/W2131379390","https://openalex.org/W2153627318","https://openalex.org/W2156848659","https://openalex.org/W2160737008","https://openalex.org/W2164097614","https://openalex.org/W2165036049","https://openalex.org/W2498015073","https://openalex.org/W2528230860","https://openalex.org/W2626273217","https://openalex.org/W2791677550","https://openalex.org/W2970140799","https://openalex.org/W4235507258","https://openalex.org/W4238483790","https://openalex.org/W4245445511","https://openalex.org/W4247307998","https://openalex.org/W4250295260","https://openalex.org/W4254174922","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298821308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055927624","https://openalex.org/W2023425982","https://openalex.org/W2495402769","https://openalex.org/W7095367379","https://openalex.org/W4241280972","https://openalex.org/W1977912056","https://openalex.org/W4233176096","https://openalex.org/W2124276825","https://openalex.org/W2022252504","https://openalex.org/W1589654640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"has":[2],"two":[3],"aims:":[4],"to":[5,21,32,57,91],"qualify":[6],"the":[7,28,75,108,111,133,138,154],"UK":[8,54,139],"government\u2019s":[9],"\u2018problem\u2019":[10],"of":[11,27,78,110,148,158],"governance":[12,30,66,123],"in":[13,38,84,114,132],"a":[14,42,59,96,119],"comparison":[15],"with":[16],"Scotland":[17,85],"and":[18,20,74,86,136,152],"Wales,":[19],"use":[22],"implementation":[23,93,112,159],"studies":[24],"(the":[25],"ancestors":[26],"new":[29],"literature)":[31],"explore":[33],"policy":[34,56,80,143,150],"developments":[35],"since":[36],"devolution":[37],"Britain.":[39],"It":[40],"presents":[41],"puzzling":[43],"finding":[44],"from":[45],"extensive":[46],"interview":[47],"research:":[48],"that":[49,107,125,137],"while":[50],"we":[51],"may":[52],"expect":[53],"government":[55,140],"suffer":[58],"bigger":[60],"\u2018implementation":[61],"gap\u2019":[62],"based":[63],"on":[64,121,156],"distinctive":[65],"problems":[67],"(such":[68],"as":[69],"greater":[70],"service":[71],"delivery":[72],"fragmentation":[73],"unintended":[76],"consequences":[77],"top-down":[79],"styles),":[81],"pressure":[82,126],"participants":[83],"Wales":[87],"are":[88],"more":[89],"likely":[90],"report":[92],"failures.":[94],"Using":[95],"\u2018top-down\u2019":[97],"framework,":[98],"it":[99],"explores":[100],"three":[101],"main":[102],"explanations":[103],"for":[104],"this":[105],"finding:":[106],"size":[109],"gap":[113],"England":[115],"is":[116],"exaggerated":[117],"by":[118,145],"focus":[120],"particular":[122],"problems;":[124],"participant":[127],"dissatisfaction":[128],"follows":[129],"unrealistic":[130],"expectations":[131],"devolved":[134,142],"territories;":[135],"undermines":[141],"implementation,":[144],"retaining":[146],"control":[147],"key":[149],"instruments":[151],"setting":[153],"agenda":[155],"measures":[157],"success.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
