{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149129667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","title":"Assessing the Impact and Effectiveness of Stadium Advertising on Sport Spectators at Division I Institutions","display_name":"Assessing the Impact and Effectiveness of Stadium Advertising on Sport Spectators at Division I Institutions","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149129667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","mag":"2149129667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165879012","display_name":"Journal of Sport Management","issn_l":"0888-4773","issn":["0888-4773","1543-270X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029109889","display_name":"David K. Stotlar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71966907","display_name":"University of Northern Colorado","ror":"https://ror.org/016bysn57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71966907"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David K. Stotlar","raw_affiliation_strings":["1University of Northern Colorado"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1University of Northern Colorado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71966907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103556969","display_name":"David A. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1464-7726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1464-7726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801919071","display_name":"University of Illinois System","ror":"https://ror.org/05e94g991","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["2University of Illinois"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2University of Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I2801919071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88087649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"90","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.5961999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13355","display_name":"Marketing and Advertising Strategies","score":0.5961999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10145","display_name":"Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification","score":0.30219998955726624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.06989999860525131,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-spectators","display_name":"sports spectators","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising-effectiveness","display_name":"advertising effectiveness","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ncaa-division-i","display_name":"NCAA Division I","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-football","display_name":"college football","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-basketball","display_name":"college basketball","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoreboard","display_name":"scoreboard","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sponsorship","display_name":"sponsorship","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7596467","display_name":"Stadium","level":2,"score":0.9609789848327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.8708548545837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103189561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372","display_name":"Basketball","level":2,"score":0.6628962159156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.5071892738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910180720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4356073","display_name":"Spectator sport","level":2,"score":0.4970097839832306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.4945530593395233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545824763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3321471","display_name":"Sports marketing","level":4,"score":0.49035191535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4730600118637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3910423219203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.36575818061828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32557499408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21948698163032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0774243175983429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06958270072937012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06147626042366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192975520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143466","display_name":"Marketing management","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54649085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574424","display_name":"Relationship marketing","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.3.2.90","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165879012","display_name":"Journal of Sport Management","issn_l":"0888-4773","issn":["0888-4773","1543-270X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Sport Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183145331","https://openalex.org/W4414440260","https://openalex.org/W1596647449","https://openalex.org/W7112169384","https://openalex.org/W7039614159","https://openalex.org/W7205214939","https://openalex.org/W245156988","https://openalex.org/W2972278503","https://openalex.org/W3107719129","https://openalex.org/W2030691545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,133],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,35,74,117,128,146],"effectiveness":[4,138],"of":[5,37,44,48,55,60,76,98,106,116,131],"stadium":[6,38,61,136],"advertising":[7,39,62,137],"on":[8,69,73,127],"sports":[9],"spectators":[10,32,99],"in":[11],"selected":[12],"NCAA":[13],"Division":[14],"I":[15],"football":[16],"and":[17,23,40,58,102,142],"basketball":[18],"programs,":[19],"utilizing":[20],"intermediate":[21],"measures":[22],"recognition":[24],"testing":[25],"techniques.":[26],"Research":[27],"questions":[28],"included":[29],"whether":[30],"sport":[31,79,94,154],"would":[33],"recognize":[34],"presence":[36],"could":[41],"identify":[42],"all":[43],"it.":[45,110],"The":[46],"factors":[47],"age,":[49],"income":[50],"level,":[51],"seat":[52],"location,":[53],"number":[54],"games":[56],"attended,":[57],"location":[59],"were":[63,114,119],"analyzed":[64],"as":[65],"to":[66,84,93,121],"their":[67],"effects":[68],"spectator":[70],"recognition.":[71],"Based":[72],"findings":[75],"this":[77,132],"research,":[78],"facilities":[80],"have":[81],"been":[82],"shown":[83,120],"be":[85,122,140],"an":[86,149],"ideal":[87],"medium":[88],"for":[89,152],"products":[90],"that":[91,113,135,143],"appeal":[92],"spectators.":[95,155],"A":[96],"majority":[97],"noticed":[100],"advertising,":[101],"approximately":[103],"7":[104],"out":[105],"10":[107],"correctly":[108],"identified":[109],"Advertising":[111],"locations":[112],"\u201cpart":[115],"game\u201d":[118],"more":[123],"effective":[124,150],"than":[125],"those":[126],"scoreboards.":[129],"Results":[130],"demonstrated":[134],"can":[139],"assessed":[141],"it":[144],"provides":[145],"sponsors":[147],"with":[148],"means":[151],"reaching":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
