{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149128331","doi":null,"title":"Impact of soil organic matter on groundwater contamination risks for ethanol and butanol blended gasoline","display_name":"Impact of soil organic matter on groundwater contamination risks for ethanol and butanol blended gasoline","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149128331","mag":"2149128331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:13052","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089843475","display_name":"Ejikeme Ugwoha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ejikeme Ugwoha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089843475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10894","display_name":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","score":0.8134999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10894","display_name":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","score":0.8134999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10324","display_name":"Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants","score":0.06459999829530716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.033799998462200165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-matter","display_name":"soil organic matter","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-contamination","display_name":"groundwater contamination","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-gasoline-blends","display_name":"ethanol-gasoline blends","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gasoline-vapor","display_name":"gasoline vapor","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorption","display_name":"sorption","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vadose-zone","display_name":"vadose zone","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-distribution","display_name":"phase distribution","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vapor-transport","display_name":"vapor transport","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gasoline-spill","display_name":"gasoline spill","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorption-coefficient","display_name":"sorption coefficient","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gasoline-oxygenates","display_name":"gasoline oxygenates","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophobicity","display_name":"hydrophobicity","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture","display_name":"soil moisture","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkanes","display_name":"alkanes","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycloalkanes","display_name":"cycloalkanes","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aromatic-compounds","display_name":"aromatic compounds","score":0.9409999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103697071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558","display_name":"Gasoline","level":2,"score":0.8905453681945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.6099235415458679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35588792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479708","display_name":"Vadose zone","level":3,"score":0.5811303853988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58445606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898533","display_name":"Sorption","level":3,"score":0.5630216002464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.5269967913627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5048993229866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5025036334991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.49309512972831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.45757055282592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7012322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839395","display_name":"Microcosm","level":2,"score":0.4412636160850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.37093234062194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3596898317337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.2084779441356659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.1737959086894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.16539660096168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12424120306968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09877607226371765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08173465728759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07306984066963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:13052","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.nottingham.ac.uk:123456789/35220","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/handle/123456789/35220","pdf_url":"https://repository.nottingham.ac.uk/bitstreams/59ef7e5b-6f5b-42fc-aaa5-2fb79f62a300/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"ethesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uilis.unsyiah.ac.id:9504","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/9504","pdf_url":"http://uilis.unsyiah.ac.id/opentheses/items/show/9504","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196378","display_name":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187494767","host_organization_name":"Universitas Syiah Kuala","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187494767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},{"id":"mag:2149128331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:13052","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13052/1/Ejikeme_Ugwoha.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis (University of Nottingham only)"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149128331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2149128331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109762531","https://openalex.org/W137725087","https://openalex.org/W242252476","https://openalex.org/W330621305","https://openalex.org/W416593848","https://openalex.org/W418141199","https://openalex.org/W573311809","https://openalex.org/W589096501","https://openalex.org/W599635257","https://openalex.org/W637575904","https://openalex.org/W1233708543","https://openalex.org/W1483464737","https://openalex.org/W1486457165","https://openalex.org/W1492486543","https://openalex.org/W1497494306","https://openalex.org/W1512952934","https://openalex.org/W1542169127","https://openalex.org/W1546991067","https://openalex.org/W1560043870","https://openalex.org/W1561200967","https://openalex.org/W1562824993","https://openalex.org/W1566774663","https://openalex.org/W1569403017","https://openalex.org/W1571672312","https://openalex.org/W1581687068","https://openalex.org/W1599869189","https://openalex.org/W1605361244","https://openalex.org/W1607187478","https://openalex.org/W1608924361","https://openalex.org/W1951836618","https://openalex.org/W1965908160","https://openalex.org/W1966846771","https://openalex.org/W1967133184","https://openalex.org/W1974821473","https://openalex.org/W1980813248","https://openalex.org/W1981212327","https://openalex.org/W1982075592","https://openalex.org/W1982253315","https://openalex.org/W1982347815","https://openalex.org/W1984418271","https://openalex.org/W1984451131","https://openalex.org/W1987295897","https://openalex.org/W1988754022","https://openalex.org/W1989039845","https://openalex.org/W1990002839","https://openalex.org/W1990876088","https://openalex.org/W1992891068","https://openalex.org/W1995543107","https://openalex.org/W1995592591","https://openalex.org/W1999616822","https://openalex.org/W2001127471","https://openalex.org/W2001936243","https://openalex.org/W2002406959","https://openalex.org/W2003475457","https://openalex.org/W2006855061","https://openalex.org/W2007312428","https://openalex.org/W2009890430","https://openalex.org/W2012494789","https://openalex.org/W2018003249","https://openalex.org/W2020511275","https://openalex.org/W2021080244","https://openalex.org/W2021567289","https://openalex.org/W2022105827","https://openalex.org/W2022546168","https://openalex.org/W2023818956","https://openalex.org/W2024292527","https://openalex.org/W2026042840","https://openalex.org/W2028062526","https://openalex.org/W2032124524","https://openalex.org/W2032606371","https://openalex.org/W2033047594","https://openalex.org/W2041012286","https://openalex.org/W2047954286","https://openalex.org/W2050574285","https://openalex.org/W2051884383","https://openalex.org/W2052679003","https://openalex.org/W2055981117","https://openalex.org/W2056622916","https://openalex.org/W2059815781","https://openalex.org/W2060074215","https://openalex.org/W2062070676","https://openalex.org/W2064469326","https://openalex.org/W2064630401","https://openalex.org/W2065094202","https://openalex.org/W2069574832","https://openalex.org/W2071366516","https://openalex.org/W2071440717","https://openalex.org/W2076728601","https://openalex.org/W2077064588","https://openalex.org/W2077106134","https://openalex.org/W2078646534","https://openalex.org/W2082877622","https://openalex.org/W2085471228","https://openalex.org/W2088846055","https://openalex.org/W2090140713","https://openalex.org/W2092698972","https://openalex.org/W2093232767","https://openalex.org/W2093897677","https://openalex.org/W2094870658","https://openalex.org/W2094988621","https://openalex.org/W2106138762","https://openalex.org/W2121931131","https://openalex.org/W2126235017","https://openalex.org/W2129887334","https://openalex.org/W2148253328","https://openalex.org/W2152093472","https://openalex.org/W2157742298","https://openalex.org/W2258025547","https://openalex.org/W2482831770","https://openalex.org/W2503027726","https://openalex.org/W2505758440","https://openalex.org/W2946635432","https://openalex.org/W2951556436","https://openalex.org/W3126391787","https://openalex.org/W3145339140","https://openalex.org/W3146526220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042899814","https://openalex.org/W1982715596","https://openalex.org/W2154810033","https://openalex.org/W2614609698","https://openalex.org/W7101250208","https://openalex.org/W2061560871","https://openalex.org/W2009890430","https://openalex.org/W2065094202","https://openalex.org/W2040929351","https://openalex.org/W109762531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,143,287,325,502,526],"work":[1,95],"examined":[2],"the":[3,11,73,78,82,97,104,119,122,126,135,138,148,156,167,171,175,184,197,215,220,225,229,233,266,269,290,309,317,336,365,373,387,390,398,405,412,421,433,444,454,458,462,468,475,483,500,505,511,519,538,547,565,579,608,615],"impact":[4,83,326],"of":[5,17,84,93,100,107,114,121,137,151,162,170,205,212,224,250,271,292,302,311,319,338,368,375,389,400,435,440,453,457,465,471,479,495,507,540,567,584,617],"soil":[6,190,199,466,484,486,489],"organic":[7],"matter":[8],"(SOM)":[9],"on":[10,88,147],"sorption,":[12],"phase":[13,222],"distribution":[14,169,478],"and":[15,19,27,37,43,50,64,86,154,189,192,263,283,331,340,354,407,429,473,488,522,605],"transport":[16,223],"ethanol":[18,49,85,243,293,330,406,531,569],"butanol":[20,54,87,312,332,408,618],"blended":[21,44,333,409],"gasoline":[22,41,89,101,109,117,123,139,157,172,226,252,273,295,306,321,334,417,446,480,508,541,557,572,604],"vapours":[23],"after":[24,313,447,586],"release.":[25],"Microcosm":[26],"mini-lysimeter":[28],"experiments":[29],"were":[30,69,75,239,254,342,431],"conducted":[31],"using":[32],"sand":[33],"with":[34,45,208,305,386,493],"varying":[35],"SOM":[36,315,366,371,422,455,472,515,545],"moisture":[38],"contents.":[39],"Synthetic":[40],"alone":[42],"10":[46,51],"-":[47,52,62,66],"20%":[48,53],"by":[55,141,256,276,345,514,544],"volume,":[56],"referred":[57],"to":[58,80,116,179,232,361,552,573,593],"as":[59,77,294,335],"UG,":[60],"E10":[61],"E20":[63,251,341],"B10":[65],"B20,":[67],"respectively,":[68],"used.":[70],"Results":[71],"from":[72,228,499,590],"UG":[74,391],"used":[76],"benchmark":[79],"assess":[81],"compounds.":[90,392],"The":[91,246],"findings":[92],"this":[94,561,612],"illustrate":[96],"likely":[98,551],"behaviour":[99,120],"compounds":[102,124,140,158,173,182,195,227,253,274,307,322,418,481,542],"at":[103,581],"beginning":[105],"times":[106,347,351,356],"a":[108,152,448],"spill":[110,153,449],"or":[111,450,588],"leak.\\n\\nThe":[112],"addition":[113],"alcohol":[115,213,601],"altered":[118,166],"in":[125,129,159,183,196,214,299,323,364,432,461,510,535,546,571,603],"vadose":[127,176,512,548],"zone":[128,177,231,513,549],"several":[130],"ways.":[131],"Firstly,":[132],"it":[133,165,218,394],"reduced":[134,255,467],"sorption":[136,247,318,374,388],"soils.":[142,324],"effect":[144,527],"was":[145,327,381,528],"greatest":[146],"first":[149],"day":[150],"affected":[155,474],"decreasing":[160],"order":[161,399,434],"hydrophobicity.":[163],"Secondly,":[164],"mass":[168,181,194,477],"between":[174,482],"phases":[178,186,491],"higher":[180,203,554],"mobile":[185],"(soil":[187],"air":[188,487],"water)":[191],"lower":[193],"immobile":[198],"solid":[200],"phase,":[201],"suggesting":[202],"risk":[204,301,403,439,583],"groundwater":[206,234,303,401,441,580,610],"contamination":[207,304,402,442,585],"an":[209],"increasing":[210],"content":[211,456,464],"gasoline.":[216,410],"Thirdly,":[217],"increased":[219,344],"vapour":[221],"source":[230],"zone.":[235],"These":[236],"three":[237],"impacts":[238],"generally":[240],"greater":[241,300,438,529,582],"for":[242,258,261,265,278,281,285,329,348,352,357,359,404,415,419,443,530,555],"than":[244,308,532,558,622],"butanol.":[245,533],"coefficients":[248],"(Kd)":[249],"54%":[257,260],"alkanes,":[259,279,358],"cycloalkanes":[262,282,353],"63%":[264],"aromatics,":[267,349],"while":[268],"Kd":[270,337,413],"B20":[272,339],"decreased":[275],"39%":[277],"38%":[280],"49%":[284],"aromatics.":[286],"implies":[288],"that":[289,504,564],"use":[291,310,566,616],"oxygenate":[296],"could":[297,516],"result":[298],"spills.\\n\\nThe":[314],"enhanced":[316,372],"alcohol-blended":[320,376],"similar":[328],"equally":[343],"7":[346],"4":[350],"2":[355],"0":[360],"5%":[362],"increase":[363,460],"fraction":[367],"sand.":[369],"Although":[370],"gasoline,":[377],"its":[378],"sorptive":[379,469],"capability":[380,470],"not":[382,396],"fully":[383],"realised":[384],"compared":[385],"Also,":[393],"did":[395],"alter":[397],"Thus,":[411,534],"values":[414,494],"all":[416,420,536],"fractions":[423],"tested,":[424],"including":[425],"0%fom,":[426],"1%fom,":[427],"3%fom":[428],"5%fom,":[430],"UG>B20>E20,":[436],"indicating":[437],"ethanol-blended":[445,559],"leak":[451],"regardless":[452],"soil.\\n\\nThe":[459],"water":[463,490],"overall":[476],"solid,":[485],"estimated":[492],"Henry\u2019s":[496],"law":[497],"constant":[498],"literature.":[501],"indicates":[503,563],"degree":[506],"retention":[509],"differ":[517],"during":[518],"dry":[520],"summer":[521],"wet":[523],"winter":[524],"seasons.":[525],"seasons,":[537],"amount":[539],"retained":[543],"is":[550,619],"be":[553],"butanol-blended":[556],"gasoline.\\n\\nOverall,":[560],"study":[562,613],"high":[568,600],"volume":[570,602],"combat":[574],"climate":[575],"change":[576],"may":[577],"put":[578],"spills":[587],"leakages":[589],"storage.":[591],"Therefore,":[592],"successfully":[594],"reduce":[595],"greenhouse":[596],"gases":[597],"emissions":[598],"via":[599],"still":[606],"protect":[607],"world\u2019s":[609],"resource,":[611],"suggests":[614],"more":[620],"benign":[621],"ethanol.":[623]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
