{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149120606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","title":"MRI in assessing children with learning disability, focal findings, and reduced automaticity","display_name":"MRI in assessing children with learning disability, focal findings, and reduced automaticity","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149120606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","mag":"2149120606","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26180142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79704628","display_name":"Neurology","issn_l":"0028-3878","issn":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087910204","display_name":"David K. Urion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-7127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-7127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David K. Urion","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061344333","display_name":"Hanalise V. Huff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-5641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-5641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanalise V. Huff","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065308322","display_name":"Maria Paulina Carullo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-7870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-7870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Paulina Carullo","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86433186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"85","issue":"7","first_page":"604","last_page":"609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12552","display_name":"Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders","score":0.0731000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-mri-abnormalities","display_name":"brain MRI abnormalities","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellar-abnormalities","display_name":"cerebellar abnormalities","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-matter-abnormalities","display_name":"white matter abnormalities","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapid-automatized-naming","display_name":"rapid automatized naming","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-signs","display_name":"soft signs","score":0.8199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33002781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826617","display_name":"Automaticity","level":3,"score":0.9642059803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.597490668296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5163458585739136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.515326201915741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.466683954000473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4641394019126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781192897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q822050","display_name":"White matter","level":3,"score":0.4577241837978363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4373360276222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3097717761993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.28977978229522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.25692886114120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.19020333886146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.13684919476509094}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002531","descriptor_name":"Cerebellum","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007859","descriptor_name":"Learning Disabilities","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009043","descriptor_name":"Motor Activity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066127","descriptor_name":"White Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000001849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79704628","display_name":"Neurology","issn_l":"0028-3878","issn":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26180142","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26180142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40163112","https://openalex.org/W1554691336","https://openalex.org/W1977538694","https://openalex.org/W2000282279","https://openalex.org/W2001913462","https://openalex.org/W2003787788","https://openalex.org/W2010100154","https://openalex.org/W2011354970","https://openalex.org/W2047271888","https://openalex.org/W2083670115","https://openalex.org/W2085112900","https://openalex.org/W2089587748","https://openalex.org/W2112927272","https://openalex.org/W2127587466","https://openalex.org/W2127692959","https://openalex.org/W2138729862","https://openalex.org/W2156590529","https://openalex.org/W2409765060","https://openalex.org/W2417793560","https://openalex.org/W2726080843","https://openalex.org/W2993110031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2321012719","https://openalex.org/W1776741860","https://openalex.org/W6924962792","https://openalex.org/W2061073912","https://openalex.org/W2523197409","https://openalex.org/W2328106244","https://openalex.org/W2043320072","https://openalex.org/W3029539492","https://openalex.org/W2352315463","https://openalex.org/W1964294279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"In":[1],"children":[2,123,140,171],"with":[3,8,66,76,124,174,181,210,225,244],"clinically":[4],"diagnosed":[5],"learning":[6,45,182],"disabilities":[7,46,183],"focal":[9,26,54,63,145,186],"findings":[10,69,187],"on":[11,73,153,158,188,203,216],"neurologic":[12,58],"or":[13,59,104,218],"neuropsychological":[14,60],"evaluations,":[15],"there":[16],"is":[17],"a":[18,36,43,53,144,149,175],"hypothesized":[19],"association":[20],"between":[21],"disorders":[22,127],"in":[23,30,85,89,122],"automaticity":[24,129,207,215,231],"and":[25,113,125,156,184,220,234],"structural":[27],"abnormalities":[28,77,202],"observed":[29],"brain":[31,133,150],"MRIs.":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"We":[34],"undertook":[35],"retrospective":[37],"analysis":[38],"of":[39,80,87,96,128,132,162,178,197,232],"cases":[40],"referred":[41],"to":[42,167,240],"tertiary-hospital-based":[44],"program.":[47],"Individuals":[48],"were":[49,70,83,120,165,172],"coded":[50],"as":[51,91],"having":[52],"deficit":[55],"if":[56],"either":[57],"evaluation":[61],"demonstrated":[62],"dysfunction.":[64],"Those":[65],"abnormal":[67],"MRI":[68,151,245],"categorized":[71],"based":[72],"findings.":[74,246],"Children":[75],"from":[78,110],"each":[79],"these":[81,163],"categories":[82],"compared":[84,121,173],"terms":[86],"deficits":[88],"automaticity,":[90],"measured":[92],"by":[93],"the":[94,105,111,138,198],"tasks":[95,222],"Rapid":[97,100],"Automatized":[98],"Naming,":[99,103],"Alternating":[101],"Stimulus":[102],"timed":[106,236],"motor":[107,217,219,237],"performance":[108,238],"battery":[109],"Physical":[112],"Neurological":[114],"Examination":[115],"for":[116],"Soft":[117],"Signs.":[118],"Data":[119],"without":[126],"regarding":[130],"type":[131],"structure":[134],"abnormality.":[135],"RESULTS:":[136],"Of":[137],"1,587":[139],"evaluated,":[141],"127":[142],"had":[143,148,192,201],"deficit.":[146],"Eighty-seven":[147],"(52":[152],"1.5-tesla":[154],"machines":[155],"35":[157],"3.0-tesla":[159],"machines).":[160],"Forty":[161],"images":[164],"found":[166],"be":[168,241],"abnormal.":[169],"These":[170],"clinic":[176],"sample":[177],"150":[179],"patients":[180],"no":[185],"examination,":[189],"who":[190],"also":[191],"undergone":[193],"MRI.":[194,204],"Only":[195],"5":[196],"latter":[199],"group":[200],"Reduced":[205,230],"verbal":[206,221],"was":[208,223],"associated":[209,224,243],"cerebellar":[211],"abnormalities,":[212],"whereas":[213],"reduced":[214],"white":[226],"matter":[227],"abnormalities.":[228],"CONCLUSION:":[229],"retrieval":[233],"slow":[235],"appear":[239],"highly":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}