{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149046451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","title":"Incentives, wages, and promotions: theory and evidence","display_name":"Incentives, wages, and promotions: theory and evidence","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149046451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","mag":"2149046451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34139249","display_name":"The RAND Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0741-6261","issn":["0741-6261","1756-2171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The RAND Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1545812","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102874884","display_name":"Illoong Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-4058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4888-4058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Illoong Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["*University of Michigan; [email protected]","*University of Michigan","[email protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Michigan; [email protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[email protected]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102874884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9935,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97222674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"100","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.0649000033736229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-contracts","display_name":"optimal contracts","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-contracts","display_name":"incentive contracts","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-structure","display_name":"wage structure","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion","display_name":"promotion","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-theory","display_name":"agency theory","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personnel-records","display_name":"personnel records","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-collar-workers","display_name":"white-collar workers","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8513448238372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5179558992385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.47833845019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.44183388352394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37570223212242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.34280097484588623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34139249","display_name":"The RAND Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0741-6261","issn":["0741-6261","1756-2171"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The RAND Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.198.6656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.198.6656","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.stanford.edu/group/SITE/Kwon.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3122667200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1545812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:randje:v:37:y:2006:i:1:p:100-120","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2006.tb00006.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3122667200","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1545812","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964809688","https://openalex.org/W1966338782","https://openalex.org/W1988550741","https://openalex.org/W2003560338","https://openalex.org/W2029189742","https://openalex.org/W2045950706","https://openalex.org/W2049387462","https://openalex.org/W2050904362","https://openalex.org/W2056393422","https://openalex.org/W2073232297","https://openalex.org/W2087977653","https://openalex.org/W2088885840","https://openalex.org/W2125313549","https://openalex.org/W2143604006","https://openalex.org/W2166184809","https://openalex.org/W2169311242","https://openalex.org/W2329506796","https://openalex.org/W3021754561","https://openalex.org/W3121908253","https://openalex.org/W3122276354","https://openalex.org/W3122807687","https://openalex.org/W3125405027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597948317","https://openalex.org/W2351510324","https://openalex.org/W2105562190","https://openalex.org/W2188735863","https://openalex.org/W1977911669","https://openalex.org/W1533177455","https://openalex.org/W631789735","https://openalex.org/W7095903985","https://openalex.org/W7057260483","https://openalex.org/W1908240097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I":[0],"study":[1],"an":[2],"incentive":[3,32],"problem":[4],"that":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"largely":[8],"ignored":[9],"in":[10,36,52],"the":[11,80,84],"agency":[12],"literature:":[13],"incentives":[14],"for":[15,31],"repeated":[16],"(human":[17],"capital)":[18],"investment.":[19],"The":[20,39,74],"optimal":[21,85],"contract":[22],"is":[23,42],"very":[24],"simple":[25],"but":[26,69],"still":[27],"provides":[28],"rich":[29],"implications":[30],"and":[33],"wage":[34],"structures":[35],"large":[37,54],"organizations.":[38],"empirical":[40,75],"evidence":[41],"presented":[43],"using":[44],"personnel":[45],"records":[46],"of":[47,83],"health":[48],"insurance":[49,56],"claim":[50],"processors":[51,59],"a":[53],"U.S.":[55],"company.":[57],"These":[58],"are":[60,77],"white\u2010collar,":[61],"nonmanagerial,":[62],"female,":[63],"service":[64],"industry":[65],"workers\u2014a":[66],"rapidly":[67],"growing":[68],"rarely":[70],"studied":[71],"labor":[72],"group.":[73],"findings":[76],"consistent":[78],"with":[79],"main":[81],"features":[82],"contract.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
