{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148914136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093","title":"Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission","display_name":"Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148914136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093","mag":"2148914136","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22018046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1740925x11000093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194259625","display_name":"Neuron Glia Biology","issn_l":"1740-925X","issn":["1740-925X","1741-0533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuron Glia Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063700491","display_name":"Jan Albrecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-6228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-6228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157213","display_name":"Mossakowski Medical Research Institute,  Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05d3ntb42","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157213","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jan Albrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. jalb@cmdik.pan.pl","Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. jalb@cmdik.pan.pl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157213","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157213","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026931772","display_name":"Marta Sidoryk\u2010W\u0229grzynowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-7660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-7660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Sidoryk-W\u0119grzynowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103049431","display_name":"Magdalena Zieli\u0144ska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-3092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-3092"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157213","display_name":"Mossakowski Medical Research Institute,  Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05d3ntb42","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157213","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Zieli\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157213","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035503566","display_name":"Michael Aschner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-1656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-1656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Aschner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035503566","https://openalex.org/A5063700491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157213","https://openalex.org/I901861585","https://openalex.org/I99542240"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":281,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57823834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"263","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.8877000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12770","display_name":"Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism","score":0.11100000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11481","display_name":"Sulfur Compounds in Biology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine","display_name":"glutamine","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine-metabolism","display_name":"glutamine metabolism","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate","display_name":"aspartic acid","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine-synthetase","display_name":"glutamine synthetase","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-activated-glutaminase","display_name":"phosphate-activated glutaminase","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine-transport","display_name":"glutamine transport","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamatergic-neurotransmission","display_name":"glutamatergic neurotransmission","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-transmission","display_name":"GABAergic neurotransmission","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor","display_name":"NMDA receptor","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitric-oxide","display_name":"nitric oxide","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-arginine","display_name":"L-arginine","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-transmission","display_name":"synaptic transmission","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"central nervous system","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779349466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181619","display_name":"Glutamine","level":3,"score":0.7333164215087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.7325282692909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200170125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neurotransmission","level":3,"score":0.7039272785186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.6766334772109985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.6633167266845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6571197509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777542381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502961","display_name":"Astrocyte","level":3,"score":0.6036808490753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109549099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24773687","display_name":"Glutaminase","level":4,"score":0.5954390168190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5891924500465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110455231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897788","display_name":"Compartmentalization (fire protection)","level":3,"score":0.5619485378265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.5175832509994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.4437779188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777771985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210021","display_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric acid","level":3,"score":0.42522993683815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.39468616247177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.34751224517822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.1142750084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.08751881122589111}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005680","descriptor_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005973","descriptor_name":"Glutamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009457","descriptor_name":"Neuroglia","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018377","descriptor_name":"Neurotransmitter Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020258","descriptor_name":"Neurotoxicity Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020258","descriptor_name":"Neurotoxicity Syndromes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1740925x11000093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x11000093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194259625","display_name":"Neuron Glia Biology","issn_l":"1740-925X","issn":["1740-925X","1741-0533"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuron Glia Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22018046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22018046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuron glia biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1641244859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES R01 07731","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6401975676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES R01 10653","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":158,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W254833807","https://openalex.org/W1484355820","https://openalex.org/W1519403277","https://openalex.org/W1528514923","https://openalex.org/W1554551759","https://openalex.org/W1557387148","https://openalex.org/W1582798416","https://openalex.org/W1597142286","https://openalex.org/W1742516846","https://openalex.org/W1888519824","https://openalex.org/W1963548841","https://openalex.org/W1963630554","https://openalex.org/W1965547727","https://openalex.org/W1965847573","https://openalex.org/W1967331310","https://openalex.org/W1967481365","https://openalex.org/W1968101563","https://openalex.org/W1970831375","https://openalex.org/W1971293133","https://openalex.org/W1971733225","https://openalex.org/W1973049965","https://openalex.org/W1976267479","https://openalex.org/W1977832158","https://openalex.org/W1978450544","https://openalex.org/W1982228941","https://openalex.org/W1983298704","https://openalex.org/W1983561835","https://openalex.org/W1983685907","https://openalex.org/W1984543419","https://openalex.org/W1985520350","https://openalex.org/W1986015154","https://openalex.org/W1987080089","https://openalex.org/W1992521533","https://openalex.org/W1995012670","https://openalex.org/W1996079680","https://openalex.org/W1999413380","https://openalex.org/W1999819329","https://openalex.org/W1999946965","https://openalex.org/W2000791958","https://openalex.org/W2000801166","https://openalex.org/W2001159334","https://openalex.org/W2002120134","https://openalex.org/W2002802452","https://openalex.org/W2002837323","https://openalex.org/W2002899848","https://openalex.org/W2004629434","https://openalex.org/W2006177769","https://openalex.org/W2006387713","https://openalex.org/W2007499190","https://openalex.org/W2009105732","https://openalex.org/W2010078015","https://openalex.org/W2010150006","https://openalex.org/W2010509965","https://openalex.org/W2010857880","https://openalex.org/W2011149655","https://openalex.org/W2013530724","https://openalex.org/W2013943602","https://openalex.org/W2015527159","https://openalex.org/W2016038775","https://openalex.org/W2016750027","https://openalex.org/W2020184246","https://openalex.org/W2020303685","https://openalex.org/W2025311690","https://openalex.org/W2026526415","https://openalex.org/W2028840920","https://openalex.org/W2030360617","https://openalex.org/W2030663705","https://openalex.org/W2031666102","https://openalex.org/W2032724842","https://openalex.org/W2032791743","https://openalex.org/W2035605035","https://openalex.org/W2035641119","https://openalex.org/W2035647324","https://openalex.org/W2035918887","https://openalex.org/W2037351767","https://openalex.org/W2039816076","https://openalex.org/W2040454026","https://openalex.org/W2041718545","https://openalex.org/W2042545166","https://openalex.org/W2043134189","https://openalex.org/W2043286349","https://openalex.org/W2044185633","https://openalex.org/W2044328146","https://openalex.org/W2046301872","https://openalex.org/W2046893435","https://openalex.org/W2050744136","https://openalex.org/W2051342581","https://openalex.org/W2052750469","https://openalex.org/W2053684116","https://openalex.org/W2056311571","https://openalex.org/W2056409947","https://openalex.org/W2057095467","https://openalex.org/W2057647408","https://openalex.org/W2057888588","https://openalex.org/W2058701143","https://openalex.org/W2059724583","https://openalex.org/W2062149105","https://openalex.org/W2062164331","https://openalex.org/W2063960199","https://openalex.org/W2064140270","https://openalex.org/W2064491371","https://openalex.org/W2064898829","https://openalex.org/W2068899893","https://openalex.org/W2069446568","https://openalex.org/W2070301051","https://openalex.org/W2070985058","https://openalex.org/W2077123509","https://openalex.org/W2077244729","https://openalex.org/W2078715709","https://openalex.org/W2078866168","https://openalex.org/W2079589567","https://openalex.org/W2079606432","https://openalex.org/W2081945081","https://openalex.org/W2083362231","https://openalex.org/W2083840616","https://openalex.org/W2084240121","https://openalex.org/W2085004133","https://openalex.org/W2087245233","https://openalex.org/W2087330407","https://openalex.org/W2091042835","https://openalex.org/W2092635505","https://openalex.org/W2094046759","https://openalex.org/W2105823034","https://openalex.org/W2106492306","https://openalex.org/W2109841291","https://openalex.org/W2114017269","https://openalex.org/W2114708370","https://openalex.org/W2114857126","https://openalex.org/W2115071287","https://openalex.org/W2116394679","https://openalex.org/W2119232666","https://openalex.org/W2120207379","https://openalex.org/W2121587775","https://openalex.org/W2126438040","https://openalex.org/W2127866826","https://openalex.org/W2131770069","https://openalex.org/W2133354098","https://openalex.org/W2136901254","https://openalex.org/W2138561233","https://openalex.org/W2140343406","https://openalex.org/W2144816004","https://openalex.org/W2145095739","https://openalex.org/W2145666242","https://openalex.org/W2145806440","https://openalex.org/W2147944081","https://openalex.org/W2148893315","https://openalex.org/W2151915365","https://openalex.org/W2160490658","https://openalex.org/W2166373388","https://openalex.org/W2167642214","https://openalex.org/W2169538372","https://openalex.org/W2169727018","https://openalex.org/W2199798641","https://openalex.org/W2400444185","https://openalex.org/W2484613043","https://openalex.org/W2505324650","https://openalex.org/W4252311423","https://openalex.org/W6671043901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252715108","https://openalex.org/W2065663423","https://openalex.org/W2094867350","https://openalex.org/W348634804","https://openalex.org/W2020838403","https://openalex.org/W962922507","https://openalex.org/W2500213722","https://openalex.org/W2136735437","https://openalex.org/W2068899893","https://openalex.org/W1984089779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glutamine":[0],"(Gln)":[1],"is":[2,26,75,95,108,137,260],"found":[3],"abundantly":[4],"in":[5,14,23,61,81,83,92,99,182,185,188,191,195,217,223,237,265,297,314,360,377],"the":[6,24,32,36,46,62,66,70,93,150,159,164,189,209,218,257,266,284,303,315,331,334,342,345,371],"central":[7],"nervous":[8],"system":[9],"(CNS)":[10],"where":[11],"it":[12],"participates":[13],"a":[15,29,84,123,138,146],"variety":[16],"of":[17,28,31,69,125,141,149,163,173,211,287,306,333,347,352,370],"metabolic":[18],"pathways.":[19],"Its":[20],"major":[21],"role":[22],"brain":[25,63,190,196,224],"that":[27,145,233],"precursor":[30],"neurotransmitter":[33,161],"amino":[34,38,48,165,272],"acids:":[35],"excitatory":[37],"acids,":[39],"glutamate":[40],"(Glu)":[41],"and":[42,45,59,79,112,153,169,177,187,215,226,239,251,381],"aspartate":[43],"(Asp),":[44],"inhibitory":[47],"acid,":[49],"\u03b3-amino":[50],"butyric":[51],"acid":[52],"(GABA).":[53],"The":[54],"precursor-product":[55],"relationship":[56],"between":[57],"Gln":[58,74,88,107,157,200,235,254,274,307,323,327,353],"Glu/GABA":[60],"relates":[64],"to":[65,110,118,121,130,134,204,242,270,277,302,310,329,344,358],"intercellular":[67],"compartmentalization":[68],"Gln/Glu(GABA)":[71],"cycle":[72],"(GGC).":[73],"synthesized":[76,106],"from":[77,156,202],"Glu":[78,288],"ammonia":[80],"astrocytes,":[82],"reaction":[85],"catalyzed":[86],"by":[87,114,246,262,281,295,322,340],"synthetase":[89],"(GS),":[90],"which,":[91],"CNS,":[94],"almost":[96],"exclusively":[97],"located":[98],"astrocytes":[100,203,238],"(Martinez-Hernandez":[101],"et":[102],"al.,":[103],"1977).":[104],"Newly":[105],"transferred":[109],"neurons":[111,205],"hydrolyzed":[113],"phosphate-activated":[115],"glutaminase":[116],"(PAG)":[117],"give":[119],"rise":[120],"Glu,":[122,151,175,213],"portion":[124],"which":[126,143,373],"may":[127,291],"be":[128,293],"decarboxylated":[129],"GABA":[131,154,176,214],"or":[132,309,317,362],"transaminated":[133],"Asp.":[135],"There":[136],"rich":[139],"body":[140],"evidence":[142,232],"indicates":[144],"significant":[147],"proportion":[148],"Asp":[152,178,216],"derived":[155],"feed":[158],"synaptic,":[160],"pools":[162],"acids.":[166,273],"Depolarization-induced-,":[167],"calcium-":[168],"PAG":[170],"activity-dependent":[171],"releases":[172],"Gln-derived":[174,212],"have":[179,198,229],"been":[180],"observed":[181],"CNS":[183],"preparations":[184],"vitro":[186],"situ.":[192],"Immunocytochemical":[193],"studies":[194,222],"slices":[197,225],"documented":[199],"transfer":[201],"as":[206,208,244],"well":[207],"location":[210],"synaptic":[219],"terminals.":[220],"Patch-clamp":[221],"astrocyte/neuron":[227],"co-cultures":[228],"provided":[230],"functional":[231],"uninterrupted":[234],"synthesis":[236,332],"its":[240,263,348],"transport":[241,308,356],"neurons,":[243],"mediated":[245],"specific":[247],"carriers,":[248],"promotes":[249],"glutamatergic":[250],"GABA-ergic":[252,363],"transmission.":[253],"entry":[255],"into":[256],"neuronal":[258,316],"compartment":[259],"facilitated":[261],"abundance":[264],"extracellular":[267],"spaces":[268],"relative":[269],"other":[271],"also":[275,292],"appears":[276,328],"affect":[278],"neurotransmission":[279],"directly":[280],"interacting":[282],"with":[283,366],"NMDA":[285],"class":[286],"receptors.":[289],"Transmission":[290],"modulated":[294],"alterations":[296],"cell":[298,319],"membrane":[299],"polarity":[300],"related":[301],"electrogenic":[304],"nature":[305],"uncoupled":[311],"ion":[312],"conductances":[313],"glial":[318],"membranes":[320],"elicited":[321],"transporters.":[324],"In":[325],"addition,":[326],"modulate":[330],"gaseous":[335],"messenger,":[336],"nitric":[337],"oxide":[338],"(NO),":[339],"controlling":[341],"supply":[343],"cells":[346],"precursor,":[349],"arginine.":[350],"Disturbances":[351],"metabolism":[354],"and/or":[355],"contribute":[357],"changes":[359],"Glu-ergic":[361],"transmission":[364],"associated":[365],"different":[367],"pathological":[368],"conditions":[369],"brain,":[372],"are":[374],"best":[375],"recognized":[376],"epilepsy,":[378],"hepatic":[379],"encephalopathy":[380],"manganese":[382],"encephalopathy.":[383]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}