{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148618983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","title":"What Can We Learn From The Portuguese Decriminalization of Illicit Drugs?","display_name":"What Can We Learn From The Portuguese Decriminalization of Illicit Drugs?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148618983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","mag":"2148618983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bjc/azq038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article-pdf/50/6/999/1128647/azq038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27273401","display_name":"The British Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"0007-0955","issn":["0007-0955","1464-3529"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article-pdf/50/6/999/1128647/azq038.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003771371","display_name":"Caitlin Hughes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-1976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-1976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258728","display_name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0144fat78","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405258728"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. E. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr, Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, NSW, Australia, 2052; [email protected]","University of New South Wales,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr, Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW, NSW, Australia, 2052; [email protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405258728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030300233","display_name":"Alex Stevens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-3871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-3871"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258728","display_name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/0144fat78","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405258728"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Stevens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dr , Drug Policy Modelling Program , National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre , UNSW , NSW , Australia , 2052 ;","University of Kent, School of Social Policy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dr , Drug Policy Modelling Program , National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre , UNSW , NSW , Australia , 2052 ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405258728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kent, School of Social Policy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003771371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405258728"],"apc_list":{"value":4050,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":5341},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":197.0095,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":490,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99973447,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"6","first_page":"999","last_page":"1022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.012799999676644802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-decriminalization","display_name":"drug decriminalization","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portugal","display_name":"Portugal","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-policy","display_name":"drug policy","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use-trends","display_name":"drug use trends","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-related-harm","display_name":"drug-related harm","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-legislation","display_name":"drug law","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-reduction","display_name":"harm reduction","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spain","display_name":"Spain","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italy","display_name":"Italy","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776614996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903453","display_name":"Decriminalization","level":2,"score":0.9388695955276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780193096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3543662","display_name":"Possession (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6560271382331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6130813360214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.583166241645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778872837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113614","display_name":"Overcrowding","level":2,"score":0.5568735599517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.548843264579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.47067078948020935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.4627653956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020689752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844924","display_name":"Illicit drug","level":3,"score":0.45309123396873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.41973876953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.32533276081085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.28824204206466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2330150306224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.17594918608665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14976632595062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.13406240940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/bjc/azq038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article-pdf/50/6/999/1128647/azq038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27273401","display_name":"The British Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"0007-0955","issn":["0007-0955","1464-3529"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:29910","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc%2Fazq038>)","pdf_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/29910/1/Hughes%20%20Stevens%202010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.645.7028","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.645.7028","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://kar.kent.ac.uk/29910/1/Hughes Stevens 2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/bjc/azq038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq038","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article-pdf/50/6/999/1128647/azq038.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27273401","display_name":"The British Journal of Criminology","issn_l":"0007-0955","issn":["0007-0955","1464-3529"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Criminology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318141","display_name":"Beckley Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03g2whv89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148618983.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148618983.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98170829","https://openalex.org/W178132438","https://openalex.org/W247453724","https://openalex.org/W261907579","https://openalex.org/W588969594","https://openalex.org/W1043539570","https://openalex.org/W1540095788","https://openalex.org/W1562757849","https://openalex.org/W1769811145","https://openalex.org/W1972414174","https://openalex.org/W1997125430","https://openalex.org/W2003578483","https://openalex.org/W2008850722","https://openalex.org/W2010703360","https://openalex.org/W2014117936","https://openalex.org/W2017872800","https://openalex.org/W2023796790","https://openalex.org/W2026259365","https://openalex.org/W2032549919","https://openalex.org/W2037954947","https://openalex.org/W2072242980","https://openalex.org/W2075178798","https://openalex.org/W2076228232","https://openalex.org/W2079601615","https://openalex.org/W2088419670","https://openalex.org/W2096975639","https://openalex.org/W2099516368","https://openalex.org/W2107259975","https://openalex.org/W2107811392","https://openalex.org/W2109029252","https://openalex.org/W2109055011","https://openalex.org/W2112660815","https://openalex.org/W2118693025","https://openalex.org/W2125518174","https://openalex.org/W2160638761","https://openalex.org/W2168215081","https://openalex.org/W2328133053","https://openalex.org/W3021683243","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099442070","https://openalex.org/W4233220919","https://openalex.org/W4409960800","https://openalex.org/W2768736748","https://openalex.org/W2211438142","https://openalex.org/W7127173442","https://openalex.org/W4251339010","https://openalex.org/W2625300392","https://openalex.org/W6973884017","https://openalex.org/W1912767786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,101],"issue":[1],"of":[2,21,31,109],"decriminalizing":[3],"illicit":[4,33],"drugs":[5,34],"is":[6,10],"hotly":[7],"debated,":[8],"but":[9],"rarely":[11],"subject":[12],"to":[13,74,82],"evidence-based":[14],"analysis.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"examines":[18],"the":[19,27,57,76,107],"case":[20],"Portugal,":[22],"a":[23],"nation":[24],"that":[25,72],"decriminalized":[26],"use":[28],"and":[29,43,52,60,68,97,113],"possession":[30],"all":[32],"on":[35,116],"1":[36],"July":[37],"2001.":[38],"Drawing":[39],"upon":[40],"independent":[41],"evaluations":[42],"interviews":[44],"conducted":[45],"with":[46],"13":[47],"key":[48],"stakeholders":[49],"in":[50,85,92,106],"2007":[51],"2009,":[53],"it":[54],"critically":[55],"analyses":[56],"criminal":[58,98],"justice":[59,99],"health":[61],"impacts":[62],"against":[63],"trends":[64],"from":[65],"neighbouring":[66],"Spain":[67],"Italy.":[69],"It":[70],"concludes":[71],"contrary":[73],"predictions,":[75],"Portuguese":[77],"decriminalization":[78],"did":[79],"not":[80],"lead":[81],"major":[83],"increases":[84],"drug":[86,110],"use.":[87],"Indeed,":[88],"evidence":[89],"indicates":[90],"reductions":[91],"problematic":[93],"use,":[94],"drug-related":[95],"harms":[96],"overcrowding.":[100],"article":[102],"discusses":[103],"these":[104],"developments":[105],"context":[108],"law":[111],"debates":[112],"criminological":[114],"discussions":[115],"late":[117],"modern":[118],"governance.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
