{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148463597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","title":"Staphylococcus aureus Mutants Isolated via Exposure to Nonfluorinated Quinolones: Detection of Known and Unique Mutations","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus Mutants Isolated via Exposure to Nonfluorinated Quinolones: Detection of Known and Unique Mutations","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148463597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","mag":"2148463597","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11709318","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/90847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47215897","display_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","issn_l":"0066-4804","issn":["0066-4804","1070-6283","1098-6596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC90847","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109146742","display_name":"Siddhartha Roychoudhury","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddhartha Roychoudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029290207","display_name":"Tracy L. Twinem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy L. Twinem","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042730666","display_name":"Kelly M. Makin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly M. Makin","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000858337","display_name":"Mark A. Nienaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0246-9592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0246-9592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Nienaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009076821","display_name":"Chuiying Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuiying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090882872","display_name":"Timothy W. Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-1547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-1547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy W. Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110990457","display_name":"Beno\u00eet Ledoussal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benoit Ledoussal","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024451370","display_name":"Carl E. Catrenich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74680897","display_name":"Procter & Gamble (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkns738","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl E. Catrenich","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason, Ohio 45040","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74680897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77007778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"12","first_page":"3422","last_page":"3426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10195","display_name":"Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quinolone-resistance","display_name":"quinolone resistance","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grla","display_name":"grlA","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyra","display_name":"gyrA","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyrb","display_name":"gyrB","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efflux-pumps","display_name":"efflux pumps","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reserpine","display_name":"reserpine","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciprofloxacin","display_name":"ciprofloxacin","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trovafloxacin","display_name":"trovafloxacin","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gatifloxacin","display_name":"gatifloxacin","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinafloxacin","display_name":"clinafloxacin","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-passage","display_name":"serial passage","score":0.5720000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779499321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544393","display_name":"Trovafloxacin","level":4,"score":0.9557482004165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.8287598490715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777653605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2365016","display_name":"Gatifloxacin","level":4,"score":0.7887497544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6680322885513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.6641649603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256602","display_name":"Ciprofloxacin","level":3,"score":0.4978618621826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4876386225223541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019249092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274493","display_name":"Antibacterial agent","level":3,"score":0.44700103998184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3820953071117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3246195912361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3152456283569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2610572576522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.2075558304786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.07612651586532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06615528464317322}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000890","descriptor_name":"Anti-Infective Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004269","descriptor_name":"DNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005798","descriptor_name":"Genes, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008826","descriptor_name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013211","descriptor_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042462","descriptor_name":"4-Quinolones","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.12.3422-3426.2001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47215897","display_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","issn_l":"0066-4804","issn":["0066-4804","1070-6283","1098-6596"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:192783","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC90847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:11709318","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11709318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:90847","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC90847/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.582.6307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.582.6307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aac.asm.org/content/45/12/3422.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:192783","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC90847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1915570624","https://openalex.org/W1982013617","https://openalex.org/W1985635789","https://openalex.org/W2002486322","https://openalex.org/W2015139708","https://openalex.org/W2023152558","https://openalex.org/W2081422800","https://openalex.org/W2111994763","https://openalex.org/W2133279754","https://openalex.org/W2149941941","https://openalex.org/W2170176073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109816570","https://openalex.org/W2017267922","https://openalex.org/W2170444578","https://openalex.org/W2005526848","https://openalex.org/W2170120497","https://openalex.org/W2063486160","https://openalex.org/W2096198267","https://openalex.org/W2133279754","https://openalex.org/W1825813245","https://openalex.org/W2930714203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87],"in":[1,21,96,113,171,177,181,184,188,193,196,202,214,219,231,234],"vitro":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,69,82,161,205,222,237],"resistance":[5,145],"to":[6,77,119,132,216],"the":[7,28,51,80,92,99,107,121,128,137,152,166,206,220,223,235,238,241],"new":[8],"nonfluorinated":[9],"quinolones":[10],"(NFQs;":[11],"PGE":[12,14,17,85],"9262932,":[13],"4175997,":[15],"and":[16,39,44,61,84,98,102,110,115,130,173,175,186,190,198,200],"9509924)":[18],"was":[19],"investigated":[20],"Staphylococcus":[22],"aureus.":[23],"At":[24],"concentrations":[25],"two":[26],"times":[27,79],"MIC,":[29],"step":[30,62,71,88,100,103,138],"1":[31,72,89],"mutants":[32,64,105,164],"were":[33,65,123,149],"isolated":[34,150],"more":[35,125,134],"frequently":[36],"with":[37,50,75,142],"ciprofloxacin":[38],"trovafloxacin":[40,83],"(9.1":[41],"x":[42,46,57],"10(-8)":[43],"5.7":[45],"10(-9),":[47],"respectively)":[48],"than":[49],"NFQs,":[52],"gatifloxacin,":[53],"or":[54],"clinafloxacin":[55],"(<5.7":[56],"10(-10)).":[58],"Step":[59],"2":[60,101],"3":[63,104,139],"selected":[66],"via":[67],"exposure":[68],"a":[70],"mutant":[73,90],"(selected":[74],"trovafloxacin)":[76],"four":[78],"MICs":[81],"9262932.":[86],"contained":[91,106],"known":[93,108],"Ser80-Phe":[94,109],"mutation":[95],"GrlA,":[97,185],"Ser84-Leu":[111,170,192],"mutations":[112],"GrlA":[114],"GyrA,":[116,182,194],"respectively.":[117],"Compared":[118],"ciprofloxacin,":[120],"NFQs":[122,224,239],"8-fold":[124],"potent":[126,135],"against":[127,136,225,240],"parent":[129],"16-":[131],"128-fold":[133],"mutants.":[140],"Mutants":[141],"high-level":[143],"NFQ":[144],"(MIC,":[146],"32":[147],"microg/ml)":[148,212],"by":[151],"spiral":[153],"plater-based":[154],"serial":[155],"passage":[156],"technique.":[157],"DNA":[158],"sequence":[159],"analysis":[160],"three":[162],"such":[163],"revealed":[165],"following":[167],"mutations:":[168],"(i)":[169],"GyrA":[172],"Glu84-Lys":[174,199],"His103-Tyr":[176,201],"GrlA;":[178],"(ii)":[179],"Ser-84Leu":[180],"Ser52-Arg":[183],"Glu472-Val":[187],"GrlB;":[189],"(iii)":[191],"Glu477-Val":[195],"GyrB,":[197],"GrlA.":[203],"Addition":[204],"efflux":[207],"pump":[208],"inhibitor":[209],"reserpine":[210],"(10":[211],"resulted":[213,230],"4-":[215],"16-fold":[217],"increases":[218,233],"potencies":[221,236],"these":[226],"mutants,":[227],"whereas":[228],"it":[229],"2-fold":[232],"parent.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}