{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148379559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","title":"Bacterial Cell Surface Display of Organophosphorus Hydrolase for Selective Screening of Improved Hydrolysis of Organophosphate Nerve Agents","display_name":"Bacterial Cell Surface Display of Organophosphorus Hydrolase for Selective Screening of Improved Hydrolysis of Organophosphate Nerve Agents","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148379559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","mag":"2148379559","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11916726","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/123893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158228368","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","issn_l":"0099-2240","issn":["0099-2240","1070-6291","1098-5336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC123893","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044139175","display_name":"Catherine Mee-Hie Cho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Mee-Hie Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering","Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Toxicology Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088015370","display_name":"Ashok Mulchandani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-4154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2831-4154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Mulchandani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering","Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 1 and Environmental Toxicology Program,","Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 1 and Environmental Toxicology Program,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041423708","display_name":"Wilfred Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-6958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-6958"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wilfred Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering","Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 1 and Environmental Toxicology Program,","Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 1 and Environmental Toxicology Program,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041423708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":201,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93737762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"2026","last_page":"2030"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.614300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.614300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11617","display_name":"Enzyme Production and Characterization","score":0.27950000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphorus-hydrolase","display_name":"organophosphorus hydrolase","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphorus-nerve-agents","display_name":"organophosphorus nerve agents","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-shuffling","display_name":"DNA shuffling","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-evolution","display_name":"directed evolution","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-nitrophenol-detection","display_name":"p-nitrophenol detection","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraoxon","display_name":"paraoxon","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarin","display_name":"sarin","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soman","display_name":"soman","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorpyrifos","display_name":"chlorpyrifos","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diazinon","display_name":"diazinon","score":0.9959999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777207434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416108","display_name":"Paraoxon","level":4,"score":0.8608358502388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776823892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421693","display_name":"Parathion methyl","level":3,"score":0.795161783695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776588719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411097","display_name":"Organophosphate","level":3,"score":0.7134273052215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780120296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96286","display_name":"Hydrolase","level":3,"score":0.6829376816749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6801971197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94412978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103135","display_name":"Hydrolysis","level":2,"score":0.6160415410995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2612896","display_name":"Nerve agent","level":4,"score":0.6012670993804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780266723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408044","display_name":"Soman","level":4,"score":0.5504195094108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777565064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412556","display_name":"Parathion","level":3,"score":0.5291564464569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.5079615712165833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777261171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418750","display_name":"Esterase","level":3,"score":0.5071630477905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779842916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411202","display_name":"Diazinon","level":3,"score":0.4789317548274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.38735127449035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.38579514622688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.2551063895225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778816929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679","display_name":"Acetylcholinesterase","level":3,"score":0.2508644461631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22843405604362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001425","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001673","descriptor_name":"Biodegradation, Environmental","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002619","descriptor_name":"Chemical Warfare Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004950","descriptor_name":"Esterases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004950","descriptor_name":"Esterases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004950","descriptor_name":"Esterases","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007306","descriptor_name":"Insecticides","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008294","descriptor_name":"Malathion","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013379","descriptor_name":"Substrate Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019020","descriptor_name":"Directed Molecular Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019943","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Substitution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D043303","descriptor_name":"Aryldialkylphosphatase","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.2026-2030.2002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158228368","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","issn_l":"0099-2240","issn":["0099-2240","1070-6291","1098-5336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:61015","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC123893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:123893","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/123893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Appl Environ Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:11916726","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11916726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and environmental microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.702.716","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.702.716","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.che.udel.edu/research_groups/wilfred/AEM%20Variants.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:61015","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC123893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11949986","https://openalex.org/W179078943","https://openalex.org/W1542029403","https://openalex.org/W1592741796","https://openalex.org/W1604752385","https://openalex.org/W1980635417","https://openalex.org/W1985604744","https://openalex.org/W1989065660","https://openalex.org/W1991170357","https://openalex.org/W1993231572","https://openalex.org/W1994789136","https://openalex.org/W2008138218","https://openalex.org/W2014396096","https://openalex.org/W2028914139","https://openalex.org/W2071086763","https://openalex.org/W2073964704","https://openalex.org/W2078824773","https://openalex.org/W2081962393","https://openalex.org/W2086795417","https://openalex.org/W2130510436","https://openalex.org/W2140622780","https://openalex.org/W2157334869","https://openalex.org/W2953200611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096878328","https://openalex.org/W2125087074","https://openalex.org/W2131257845","https://openalex.org/W4251438975","https://openalex.org/W2051105725","https://openalex.org/W2014396096","https://openalex.org/W1980757322","https://openalex.org/W1973454990","https://openalex.org/W1980244533","https://openalex.org/W1974986134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Organophosphorus":[0],"hydrolase":[1],"(OPH)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4,13],"bacterial":[5],"enzyme":[6],"that":[7,163,179],"has":[8],"been":[9],"shown":[10],"to":[11,34,49,90],"degrade":[12],"wide":[14],"range":[15],"of":[16,24,42,55,62,65,79,108,119,125,130,160,169,174],"neurotoxic":[17],"organophosphate":[18],"nerve":[19,204],"agents.":[20],"However,":[21],"the":[22,53,63,69,77,83,106,109,116,156,161],"effectiveness":[23],"degradation":[25],"varies":[26],"dramatically,":[27],"ranging":[28],"from":[29],"highly":[30],"efficient":[31],"with":[32,37,94,122,166,191],"paraoxon":[33],"relatively":[35],"slow":[36],"methyl":[38,126,150,175],"parathion.":[39,127],"Sequential":[40],"cycles":[41],"DNA":[43,131],"shuffling":[44,132],"and":[45,51,133,138,201,203,209],"screening":[46,134],"were":[47,74,135,142],"used":[48],"fine-tune":[50],"enhance":[52],"activity":[54,193],"OPH":[56,72,170,189],"towards":[57],"poorly":[58,195],"degraded":[59,196],"substrates.":[60],"Because":[61,159],"inaccessibility":[64],"these":[66],"pesticides":[67,197],"across":[68],"cell":[70],"membrane,":[71],"variants":[73,121,141,190],"displayed":[75],"on":[76,105],"surface":[78],"Escherichia":[80],"coli":[81],"using":[82],"truncated":[84],"ice":[85],"nucleation":[86],"protein":[87],"in":[88,146,186],"order":[89],"isolate":[91],"novel":[92],"enzymes":[93],"truly":[95],"improved":[96,123,140,172,192],"substrate":[97],"specificities.":[98],"A":[99],"solid-phase":[100],"top":[101],"agar":[102],"method":[103,185],"based":[104],"detection":[107],"yellow":[110],"product":[111],"p-nitrophenol":[112],"was":[113],"developed":[114],"for":[115,171],"rapid":[117],"prescreening":[118],"potential":[120],"hydrolysis":[124,173],"Two":[128],"rounds":[129],"carried":[136],"out,":[137],"several":[139],"isolated.":[143],"One":[144],"variant":[145],"particular,":[147],"22A11,":[148],"hydrolyzes":[149],"parathion":[151],"25-fold":[152],"faster":[153],"than":[154],"does":[155],"wild":[157],"type.":[158],"success":[162],"we":[164,177,180],"achieved":[165],"directed":[167],"evolution":[168],"parathion,":[176],"believe":[178],"can":[181],"easily":[182],"extend":[183],"this":[184],"creating":[187],"other":[188],"against":[194],"such":[198,206],"as":[199,207],"diazinon":[200],"chlorpyrifos":[202],"agents":[205],"sarin":[208],"soman.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}