{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148305153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03989g","title":"A high-sensitivity near-infrared phototransistor based on an organic bulk heterojunction","display_name":"A high-sensitivity near-infrared phototransistor based on an organic bulk heterojunction","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148305153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03989g","mag":"2148305153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24126789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c3nr03989g","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03989g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03989g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23181512","display_name":"Nanoscale","issn_l":"2040-3364","issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2148305153"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haihua Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haihua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong. nzhao@ee.cuhk.edu.hk","Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong. nzhao@ee.cuhk.edu.hk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362075","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-7960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-7960","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-6123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123095","display_name":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02sepg748","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210123095","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I4210123095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108406539","display_name":"Billy H. K. Leung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billy H. K. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015802672","display_name":"Carmen C. Y. Poon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-4752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-4752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen C. Y. Poon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011610382","display_name":"Beng S. Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-6612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7212-6612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beng S. Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070333614","display_name":"Yuan\u2010Ting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-5470","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-5470","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3389-266X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079885590","display_name":"Ni Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-8516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-8516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ni Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079885590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95784126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"23","first_page":"11850","last_page":"11850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-bulk-heterojunction","display_name":"organic bulk heterojunction","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcbm","display_name":"PCBM","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-band-gap-polymers","display_name":"low band gap polymers","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoconductive-gain","display_name":"photoconductive gain","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-responsivity","display_name":"high responsivity","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hole-transport","display_name":"hole transport","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-detrapping","display_name":"electron detrapping","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmography","display_name":"photoplethysmography","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.8017232418060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8009629249572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.7781925201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178889773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316011","display_name":"Responsivity","level":3,"score":0.7342341542243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180651308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1265973","display_name":"Dark current","level":3,"score":0.46619004011154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779845233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3381567","display_name":"Photocurrent","level":2,"score":0.4564223289489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.448102205991745}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/c3nr03989g","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03989g","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03989g","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23181512","display_name":"Nanoscale","issn_l":"2040-3364","issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24126789","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24126789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkbu.edu.hk:hkbu_staff_publication-2496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbu_staff_publication/1482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196872","display_name":"HKBU Institutional Repository (Hong Kong Baptist University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HKBU Staff Publication","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335138","display_name":"Shun Hing Institute of Advanced Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965256479","https://openalex.org/W1970144317","https://openalex.org/W1976283013","https://openalex.org/W1978278799","https://openalex.org/W1986922216","https://openalex.org/W1995926160","https://openalex.org/W2010573472","https://openalex.org/W2018750636","https://openalex.org/W2030280574","https://openalex.org/W2039322464","https://openalex.org/W2048921321","https://openalex.org/W2051498370","https://openalex.org/W2064738178","https://openalex.org/W2070490853","https://openalex.org/W2077408936","https://openalex.org/W2089335743","https://openalex.org/W2090908091","https://openalex.org/W2110867997","https://openalex.org/W2113358728","https://openalex.org/W2124601276","https://openalex.org/W2127446495","https://openalex.org/W2135614381","https://openalex.org/W2140401938","https://openalex.org/W2159079926","https://openalex.org/W2170276498","https://openalex.org/W2171736698","https://openalex.org/W2480748229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2790091720","https://openalex.org/W4416109840","https://openalex.org/W2112748060","https://openalex.org/W3110944132","https://openalex.org/W3174541503","https://openalex.org/W3193586745","https://openalex.org/W2987219171","https://openalex.org/W4311412451","https://openalex.org/W4417406365","https://openalex.org/W4283731053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-gain":[0],"photodetectors":[1],"with":[2,50,214,226],"near-infrared":[3],"(NIR)":[4],"sensitivity":[5],"are":[6,22,47,156],"critical":[7],"for":[8,183,236,244],"biomedical":[9,242],"applications":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,96,98,175],"photoplethysmography":[13,181],"and":[14,32,46,81,110,135,149,218,247],"optical":[15,20],"coherence":[16],"tomography":[17],"where":[18],"detected":[19],"signals":[21],"relatively":[23],"weak.":[24],"Current":[25],"photodetection":[26],"technologies":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29,67],"avalanche":[30],"photodiodes":[31],"photomultipliers":[33],"to":[34,122],"achieve":[35],"high":[36,43,118],"sensitivity.":[37],"These":[38],"devices,":[39],"however,":[40],"require":[41],"a":[42,61,68,73,180,199,232],"operation":[44],"voltage":[45],"not":[48],"compatible":[49,225],"CMOS":[51],"based":[52,66],"read-out":[53],"circuits":[54],"(ROCs).":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"work":[58],"we":[59,114],"demonstrate":[60,168],"solution-proceeded":[62],"NIR":[63],"phototransistor":[64,171,194,231],"structure":[65],"bulk":[69],"heterojunction":[70],"(BHJ)":[71],"of":[72,104,126,129,138,153,161,192,198,209],"narrow":[74],"bandgap":[75],"polymer,":[76],"poly(N-alkyl":[77],"diketopyrrolo-pyrrole":[78],"dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene)":[79],"(DPP-DTT),":[80],"[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric":[82],"acid":[83],"methylester":[84],"(PCBM).":[85],"The":[86,145,190],"device":[87,221],"exhibits":[88],"ultrahigh":[89],"responsivity":[90,119],"(\u223c5":[91],"\u00d7":[92,102],"10(5)":[93],"A":[94],"W(-1))":[95],"well":[97],"wide":[99,146],"tunability":[100,148],"(>1":[101],"10(4))":[103],"photoconductive":[105],"gain.":[106],"Using":[107],"the":[108,117,123,132,141,150,159,162,176,193,196,205,210,215,219,230,237],"current-voltage":[109],"transient":[111],"photocurrent":[112],"measurements":[113],"show":[115],"that":[116,169],"is":[120,224],"due":[121],"combined":[124],"effects":[125],"fast":[127],"transport":[128],"holes":[130],"in":[131,179],"polymer":[133],"matrix":[134],"slow":[136],"detrapping":[137],"electrons":[139],"from":[140],"isolated":[142],"PCBM":[143],"domains.":[144],"gain":[147],"efficient":[151],"suppression":[152],"noise":[154],"current":[155],"achieved":[157],"through":[158],"use":[160,197],"optically":[163],"tunable":[164],"gate":[165],"terminal.":[166],"We":[167],"our":[170],"can":[172],"be":[173],"used":[174],"detection":[177],"unit":[178],"sensor":[182],"non-invasive,":[184],"continuous":[185],"finger":[186],"pulse":[187],"wave":[188],"monitoring.":[189],"high-sensitivity":[191],"allows":[195],"low-power":[200],"light":[201],"source,":[202],"thus":[203],"reducing":[204],"overall":[206],"power":[207],"consumption":[208],"sensor.":[211],"This,":[212],"together":[213],"solution":[216],"processibility":[217],"simple":[220],"configuration":[222],"(which":[223],"conventional":[227],"ROCs),":[228],"make":[229],"very":[233],"promising":[234],"component":[235],"next":[238],"generation":[239],"low-cost,":[240],"mobile":[241],"devices":[243],"health":[245],"monitoring":[246],"remote":[248],"diagnostics.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}