{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148240948","doi":null,"title":"The Education of English Language Learners in Arizona: A Legacy of Persisting Achievement Gaps in a Restrictive Language Policy Climate.","display_name":"The Education of English Language Learners in Arizona: A Legacy of Persisting Achievement Gaps in a Restrictive Language Policy Climate.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148240948","mag":"2148240948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt3xq6x6sz","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060393006","display_name":"Eugene E. Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9373-0939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9373-0939"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene E. Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9373-0939","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060900024","display_name":"Kerry Lawton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerry Lawton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072373733","display_name":"Eduardo Henrique Diniz de Figueiredo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0122"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Henrique Diniz de Figueiredo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0122","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3626,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98206034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.9477999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13063","display_name":"Education and experiences of immigrants and refugees","score":0.013000000268220901,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.012400000356137753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-learners","display_name":"English language learners","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achievement-gap","display_name":"achievement gap","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-policy","display_name":"language policy","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language-development","display_name":"English language development","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-proficiency","display_name":"reading proficiency","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proficiency","display_name":"mathematics proficiency","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-funding","display_name":"school finance","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arizona","display_name":"Arizona","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utah","display_name":"Utah","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/washington-d-c","display_name":"Washington, D.C.","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-equity","display_name":"educational equity","score":0.33399999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6212159991264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5079105496406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.5037874579429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4806022346019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34313899278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25291216373443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09284883737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09149742126464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt3xq6x6sz","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt3xq6x6sz","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Garcia, Eugene; Lawton, Kerry; &amp; Diniz de Figueiredo, Eduardo H.(2010). The Education of English Language Learners in Arizona: A Legacy of Persisting Achievement Gaps in a Restrictive Language Policy Climate. UCLA: The Civil Rights Project / Proyecto Derechos Civiles. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2148240948","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED511328.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt3xq6x6sz","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xq6x6sz","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148240948.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148240948.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89504672","https://openalex.org/W573592703","https://openalex.org/W1521183289","https://openalex.org/W1535304529","https://openalex.org/W1991534920","https://openalex.org/W2001876096","https://openalex.org/W2028987309","https://openalex.org/W2079242859","https://openalex.org/W2100680365","https://openalex.org/W2135175624","https://openalex.org/W2166536055","https://openalex.org/W2409068341","https://openalex.org/W2608605191","https://openalex.org/W3005744250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099035173","https://openalex.org/W1833458414","https://openalex.org/W2099769125","https://openalex.org/W1969668090","https://openalex.org/W4293228733","https://openalex.org/W7037414398","https://openalex.org/W6983340475","https://openalex.org/W1966403630","https://openalex.org/W7067160191","https://openalex.org/W2247255754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"report":[1],"reviews":[2],"achievement":[3,51,64,151],"gaps":[4,65,152],"in":[5,15,48,66,96,101,128,135,164],"both":[6,127],"reading":[7,67,136],"and":[8,12,23,55,68,76,78,98,137,157],"math":[9,69],"between":[10,53,74],"ELL":[11,54,131,155],"non-ELL":[13,56],"students":[14,57,132,156],"Arizona":[16,41,75,113,122,143],"over":[17,70,104],"the":[18,25,31,50,71,90,102,109,146],"post-Proposition":[19],"203":[20],"period":[21,73,106],"2005-2009":[22],"during":[24,58],"first":[26],"year":[27],"of":[28,30,107,112,130],"implementation":[29],"4":[32],"hour":[33],"ELD":[34],"block,":[35],"2008-09.":[36],"The":[37,139],"study":[38,91,140],"finds":[39],"that":[40,142,158],"has":[42],"made":[43],"little":[44],"to":[45,124,166],"no":[46],"progress":[47],"closing":[49,150],"gap":[52],"this":[59,105,159],"period.":[60],"It":[61],"also":[62],"compares":[63],"same":[72],"Utah":[77],"Washington":[79],"DC,":[80],"two":[81],"educational":[82],"entities":[83,117],"with":[84,121],"vastly":[85],"different":[86],"spending":[87],"policies.":[88],"Here,":[89],"argues":[92],"that,":[93],"notwithstanding":[94],"changes":[95],"tests":[97],"proficiency":[99,134],"thresholds":[100],"states":[103],"time,":[108],"relative":[110],"position":[111],"vis-a-vis":[114],"these":[115],"comparison":[116],"remains":[118],"very":[119],"similar,":[120],"continuing":[123],"lag":[125],"behind":[126],"percent":[129],"achieving":[133],"math.":[138],"concludes":[141],"is":[144,160],"on":[145],"wrong":[147],"path":[148],"for":[149,153],"its":[154,167],"due,":[161],"at":[162,174],"least":[163],"part,":[165],"highly":[168],"restrictive":[169],"language":[170],"instruction":[171],"policies.Also":[172],"available":[173],"http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-16T18:09:00.828671","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
