{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148166663","doi":null,"title":"The use of a pH-dependent and Non pH-dependent Natural Hydrophobic Biopolymer (Landolphia owariensis latex) as Capsule Coating Agents in in vitro Controlled Release of Metronidazole for Possible Colon Targeted Delivery","display_name":"The use of a pH-dependent and Non pH-dependent Natural Hydrophobic Biopolymer (Landolphia owariensis latex) as Capsule Coating Agents in in vitro Controlled Release of Metronidazole for Possible Colon Targeted Delivery","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148166663","mag":"2148166663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2148166663","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ijarnp.org/index.php/ijarnp/article/download/30/30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764815085","display_name":"International journal of applied research in natural products","issn_l":"1940-6223","issn":["1940-6223"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of applied research in natural products","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015564050","display_name":"Nicholas Chinedu Obitte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-6277","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-6277"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas C. Obitte","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-6277","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Angela Chukwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela Chukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063024380","display_name":"Ikechukwu Virgilius Onyishi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikechukwu V. Onyishi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70311517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9247999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12048","display_name":"Microencapsulation and Drying Processes","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colon-specific-drug-delivery","display_name":"colon-targeted drug delivery","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metronidazole","display_name":"metronidazole","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-release","display_name":"controlled release","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eudragit-l100","display_name":"Eudragit L100","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methylcellulose","display_name":"methylcellulose","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-sensitive-release","display_name":"pH-dependent release","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolution-kinetics","display_name":"dissolution kinetics","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-granulation","display_name":"wet granulation","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolution-efficiency","display_name":"dissolution efficiency","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-dissolution-time","display_name":"mean dissolution time","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-reduction","display_name":"dose reduction","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778778583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147768","display_name":"Capsule","level":2,"score":0.8180335760116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6073191165924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543243","display_name":"Granulation","level":2,"score":0.5753028392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422649","display_name":"Biopolymer","level":3,"score":0.5658175349235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.5607525706291199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777396551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169569","display_name":"Metronidazole","level":3,"score":0.5470264554023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45065826177597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77281830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718608","display_name":"Dosage form","level":2,"score":0.44502896070480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.4369453191757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16947730","display_name":"Film coating","level":3,"score":0.4143671691417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88380143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416674","display_name":"Dissolution","level":2,"score":0.41380399465560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3443041443824768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22775518894195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.18778520822525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13897472620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.10184299945831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09039503335952759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0762738287448883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2148166663","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ijarnp.org/index.php/ijarnp/article/download/30/30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764815085","display_name":"International journal of applied research in natural products","issn_l":"1940-6223","issn":["1940-6223"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of applied research in natural products","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66700712","https://openalex.org/W113642746","https://openalex.org/W138100248","https://openalex.org/W1672660987","https://openalex.org/W1800915096","https://openalex.org/W1920077409","https://openalex.org/W1968014189","https://openalex.org/W1975206780","https://openalex.org/W1975318088","https://openalex.org/W1977072597","https://openalex.org/W1977121713","https://openalex.org/W1991092566","https://openalex.org/W1995263937","https://openalex.org/W2000907144","https://openalex.org/W2017634711","https://openalex.org/W2021115230","https://openalex.org/W2023571229","https://openalex.org/W2026605096","https://openalex.org/W2031314743","https://openalex.org/W2040550792","https://openalex.org/W2046307404","https://openalex.org/W2051749006","https://openalex.org/W2053077754","https://openalex.org/W2055333134","https://openalex.org/W2064941337","https://openalex.org/W2071918030","https://openalex.org/W2084540587","https://openalex.org/W2085228737","https://openalex.org/W2089407496","https://openalex.org/W2096528234","https://openalex.org/W2101773058","https://openalex.org/W2110952247","https://openalex.org/W2112336067","https://openalex.org/W2115439624","https://openalex.org/W2119104570","https://openalex.org/W2129907661","https://openalex.org/W2131986165","https://openalex.org/W2132545697","https://openalex.org/W2133433956","https://openalex.org/W2148712659","https://openalex.org/W2185023959","https://openalex.org/W2247366218","https://openalex.org/W2340993037","https://openalex.org/W2471039106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2319851189","https://openalex.org/W2325768802","https://openalex.org/W1968014189","https://openalex.org/W1969289712","https://openalex.org/W2119033823","https://openalex.org/W4417151175","https://openalex.org/W3034947737","https://openalex.org/W2972629251","https://openalex.org/W4251769538","https://openalex.org/W2270051552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary:":[0],"Orally":[2],"administered":[3,12],"metronidazole":[4,92],"often":[5],"requires":[6],"just":[7],"a":[8,212,290,303,355,377],"fraction":[9],"of":[10,48,64,67,80,84,91,120,136,163,187,200,206,219,224,237,242,251,263,310,336,370,385,420,439,454,460],"the":[11,19,29,55,62,89,102,109,184,235,252,266,337,386,412,415,421,435,461],"dose":[13,33],"for":[14,98,307,434],"optimum":[15],"local":[16],"activity":[17],"in":[18,57,161,289,350,373,380],"colon.":[20,103],"Any":[21],"formulation":[22],"design":[23],"that":[24,183,203],"can":[25,341,476],"target":[26],"drug":[27,41,155,188,220,238,313,407,422,427,431],"to":[28,53,101,117,178,301,346,398,410,414,471],"colon":[30,311,359,416,426],"may":[31],"require":[32],"reduction":[34],"while":[35],"improving":[36],"therapeutic":[37],"activity.":[38],"Colon":[39],"targeted":[40,312,360],"delivery":[42,100,432,438],"achieves":[43],"this":[44,49,374],"fit.":[45],"The":[46,173,367],"objective":[47],"work":[50],"therefore":[51,299,383],"was":[52,157],"evaluate":[54],"vitro":[58,153],"effect":[60,215],"of,":[61],"percentage":[63],"surface":[65,69,204,273],"area":[66,205],"capsule":[68,121,149,207,364,381,413,464],"coated":[70,94,142,208,274],"with":[71,122,130,143,209,255,271,275,388,417,450],"Landolphia":[73,294,328],"owariensis":[74,295,329],"latex":[76,331],"(LOL),":[77],"particle":[78],"size":[79],"granules,":[81],"and":[82,113,127,168,222,240,282,344,392,457],"%w/w":[83],"matrix":[85],"former":[86,229],"(methylcellulose)":[87],"on":[88,216,265,358],"release":[90,156,189,225,243,408],"from":[93],"hard":[95],"gelatine":[96],"capsules":[97,253,387],"possible":[99,308],"Metronidazole":[104],"granules":[105],"were":[106,141,176],"prepared":[107,254],"by":[108],"wet":[110],"granulation":[111],"technique":[112,405],"appropriately":[114],"encapsulated":[115],"prior":[116],"primary":[118,134],"coating":[119,129,135,365,371,384,404,468],"Eudragit":[123,137,393],"\u00ae":[124,138],"L-100":[126,140,394],"secondary":[128],"LOL.":[131],"Capsules":[132,270],"having":[133,467],"LOL":[144,210,276],"atop":[145],"50%":[146],"or":[147],"85%":[148,272],"surface.":[150],"In":[152],"carried":[158],"out":[159],"sequentially":[160],"media":[162],"pH":[164,193,227,248],"1.2(0.1N":[165],"HCl),":[166],"6.8":[167],"7.4(phosphate":[169],"buffer":[170],"solution)":[171],"respectively.":[172],"dissolution":[174,279,284],"data":[175],"subjected":[177],"kinetic":[179,268],"treatment.":[180],"Results":[181],"showed":[182],"greatest":[185,418],"quantity":[186,236,419],"took":[190],"place":[191],"at":[192,226,247],"7.4":[194,245],"over":[195],"9-20":[196],"h.":[197],"Univariate":[198],"analysis":[199],"variance":[201],"indicated":[202],"had":[211,258],"significant":[213],"(p<0.05)":[214,233],"both":[217],"amount":[218],"released":[221,239],"time":[223,241,285],"7.4.Matrix":[228],"concentration":[230],"also":[231],"significantly":[232],"affected":[234],"(T":[244],")":[246],"7.4.":[249],"Most":[250],"4%":[256],"methylcellulose":[257],"better":[259],"fit":[260],"than":[261],"those":[262],"1%":[264],"applied":[267],"models.":[269],"recorded":[277],"higher":[278],"efficiency":[280],"(DE)":[281],"mean":[283],"(MDT)":[286],"values,":[287],"except":[288],"few":[291],"cases.":[292],"latex,":[297],"has":[298],"proved":[300],"be":[302,342,399,477],"potentially":[304],"useful":[305],"polymer":[306],"achievement":[309],"delivery.":[314],"Industrial":[324],"relevance:":[325],"is":[332,353,376,395,444],"an":[333,429,448],"ignored":[334],"part":[335],"climber":[338],"tree.":[339],"It":[340],"cultivated":[343],"tapped":[345],"commercial":[347],"scale":[348,474],"as":[349,447],"rubber.":[351],"There":[352],"presently":[354],"patent":[356],"based":[357],"technology":[361,379],"which":[362],"adopted\u00a0":[363],"approach.":[366],"dip":[368],"method":[369],"employed":[372],"article":[375],"common":[378],"manufacture;":[382],"our":[389],"natural":[390],"biopolymer":[391],"not":[396],"going":[397],"tasking.":[400],"This":[401,424],"double":[402],"hydrophobic":[403],"prolongs":[406],"enough":[409],"convey":[411],"intact.":[423],"makes":[425],"targeting":[428],"attractive":[430],"approach":[433],"rare":[436],"oral":[437],"protein/biotech":[440],"products,":[441],"etc.":[442],"Insulin":[443],"commonly":[445],"presented":[446],"injectable":[449],"its":[451],"attendant":[452],"problem":[453],"patient":[455],"compliance":[456],"frequent":[458],"puncturing":[459],"skin.":[462],"With":[463],"filling":[465],"machines":[466],"accessories":[469],"attached":[470],"them":[472],"large":[473],"manufacture":[475],"embarked":[478],"upon.":[479]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
