{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148155489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","title":"Produced water treatment technologies","display_name":"Produced water treatment technologies","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148155489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","mag":"2148155489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/9/3/157/9644076/cts049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200298645","display_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","issn_l":"1748-1317","issn":["1748-1317","1748-1325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/9/3/157/9644076/cts049.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031486173","display_name":"Ebenezer T. Igunnu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebenezer T. Igunnu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Energy and Sustainability Research Division, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Energy and Sustainability Research Division, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100749714","display_name":"George Zheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-5767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5589-5767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Z. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Energy and Sustainability Research Division, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Energy and Sustainability Research Division, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"apc_list":{"value":2886,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2886},"apc_paid":{"value":2886,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2886},"fwci":16.6818,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":820,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99579152,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"157","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.271699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10210","display_name":"Advanced oxidation water treatment","score":0.271699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.20520000159740448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10197","display_name":"Membrane Separation Technologies","score":0.15279999375343323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/produced-water","display_name":"produced water","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/produced-water-treatment","display_name":"produced water treatment","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/produced-water-management","display_name":"produced water management","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemical-treatment","display_name":"electrochemical treatment","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoelectrochemistry","display_name":"photoelectrochemistry","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-electrolysis","display_name":"water electrolysis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"fuel cells","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrodeposition","display_name":"electrodeposition","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-recovery","display_name":"metal recovery","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"energy storage","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-reuse","display_name":"water reuse","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.6717687845230103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775865663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247687","display_name":"Produced water","level":2,"score":0.6644259095191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6247931122779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48256821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903456","display_name":"Electrolysis of water","level":5,"score":0.5574489235877991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5223573446273804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.500312328338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.4415636658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.36441367864608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.2695878744125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20113122463226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13937130570411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.12192016839981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/9/3/157/9644076/cts049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200298645","display_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","issn_l":"1748-1317","issn":["1748-1317","1748-1325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:3213686","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/3213686/1/cts049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/:3213686","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3213686","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/29548745/cts049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:ijlctc:v:9:y:2014:i:3:p:157-177.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ijlct/cts049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts049","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ijlct/article-pdf/9/3/157/9644076/cts049.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200298645","display_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","issn_l":"1748-1317","issn":["1748-1317","1748-1325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.807699978351593,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3410369446","display_name":"REFINE: A coordinated materials programme for the sustainable REduction of spent Fuel vital In a closed loop Nuclear Energy cycle","funder_award_id":"EP/J000582/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5803107002","display_name":"Electrolytic Silicon and Iron Powders as Alternatives to Hydrogen as Energy Carrier and Store","funder_award_id":"EP/F026412/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148155489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2148155489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25588674","https://openalex.org/W122827781","https://openalex.org/W138595551","https://openalex.org/W635351358","https://openalex.org/W1495876001","https://openalex.org/W1500214228","https://openalex.org/W1522357543","https://openalex.org/W1597212170","https://openalex.org/W1864421881","https://openalex.org/W1960931982","https://openalex.org/W1964286084","https://openalex.org/W1966533469","https://openalex.org/W1967471062","https://openalex.org/W1967511661","https://openalex.org/W1967708617","https://openalex.org/W1969394926","https://openalex.org/W1974651436","https://openalex.org/W1976971798","https://openalex.org/W1979573329","https://openalex.org/W1980137469","https://openalex.org/W1984144084","https://openalex.org/W1986999672","https://openalex.org/W1988460615","https://openalex.org/W1996431065","https://openalex.org/W1996938221","https://openalex.org/W1997025858","https://openalex.org/W1999639413","https://openalex.org/W1999775081","https://openalex.org/W2013725188","https://openalex.org/W2017124354","https://openalex.org/W2019418473","https://openalex.org/W2023570512","https://openalex.org/W2026130064","https://openalex.org/W2027983869","https://openalex.org/W2028142039","https://openalex.org/W2034532156","https://openalex.org/W2035249477","https://openalex.org/W2035992868","https://openalex.org/W2039606768","https://openalex.org/W2040924908","https://openalex.org/W2042492216","https://openalex.org/W2043603339","https://openalex.org/W2044529477","https://openalex.org/W2046888619","https://openalex.org/W2049378584","https://openalex.org/W2049983497","https://openalex.org/W2059480188","https://openalex.org/W2060426337","https://openalex.org/W2061695687","https://openalex.org/W2065725926","https://openalex.org/W2066590321","https://openalex.org/W2068749793","https://openalex.org/W2070791637","https://openalex.org/W2076555209","https://openalex.org/W2078900345","https://openalex.org/W2080029314","https://openalex.org/W2080747945","https://openalex.org/W2081576181","https://openalex.org/W2082180064","https://openalex.org/W2082911591","https://openalex.org/W2086150366","https://openalex.org/W2086247971","https://openalex.org/W2086355451","https://openalex.org/W2087724840","https://openalex.org/W2088182692","https://openalex.org/W2089910750","https://openalex.org/W2092613342","https://openalex.org/W2093091757","https://openalex.org/W2095082735","https://openalex.org/W2114030584","https://openalex.org/W2129095138","https://openalex.org/W2129620031","https://openalex.org/W2134387483","https://openalex.org/W2134455893","https://openalex.org/W2149405752","https://openalex.org/W2196843301","https://openalex.org/W2399097766","https://openalex.org/W2460091176","https://openalex.org/W2530247043","https://openalex.org/W2746777671","https://openalex.org/W2999860633","https://openalex.org/W3083806184","https://openalex.org/W4205107684","https://openalex.org/W4205324715","https://openalex.org/W4210428686","https://openalex.org/W4211192081","https://openalex.org/W4230713491","https://openalex.org/W4234696898","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385077641","https://openalex.org/W2741585843","https://openalex.org/W2011270864","https://openalex.org/W7062305757","https://openalex.org/W3014394858","https://openalex.org/W2952376048","https://openalex.org/W3106461700","https://openalex.org/W4283526076","https://openalex.org/W2723228607","https://openalex.org/W4361853500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Produced":[0],"water":[1,28,35,52,60,111,115,133,148,156],"is":[2,116],"a":[3,31,62,117,123],"complex":[4],"mixture":[5],"of":[6,15,25,33,65,78,109,146,151],"organic":[7],"and":[8,11,20,40,68,91,137,149],"inorganic":[9],"compounds":[10],"the":[12,41,55,66,76,93,107,164],"largest":[13],"volume":[14],"by-product":[16],"generated":[17],"during":[18],"oil":[19,67],"gas":[21,69],"recovery":[22,150],"operations.The":[23],"potential":[24,118],"oilfield":[26],"produced":[27,51,59,79,110,114,155],"to":[29,47],"be":[30,86,106],"source":[32],"fresh":[34],"for":[36,75,95],"water-stressed":[37],"oil-producing":[38],"countries":[39],"increasing":[42],"environmental":[43],"concerns":[44],"in":[45,88],"addition":[46],"stringent":[48],"legislations":[49],"on":[50,103,163],"discharge":[53],"into":[54],"environment":[56],"have":[57],"made":[58],"management":[61,77],"significant":[63],"part":[64],"business.This":[70],"article":[71],"reviews":[72],"current":[73],"technologies":[74,101],"water,":[80],"examines":[81],"how":[82],"electrochemical":[83,139],"techniques":[84],"may":[85],"used":[87],"these":[89],"areas":[90],"compares":[92],"prospects":[94],"future":[96,108],"development.It":[97],"suggests":[98],"that":[99,129],"treatment":[100],"based":[102],"electrochemistry":[104],"could":[105,141],"management,":[112],"since":[113],"electrolyte":[119],"because":[120],"it":[121],"has":[122],"relatively":[124],"good":[125],"conductivity.It":[126],"also":[127],"explains":[128],"by":[130],"applying":[131],"photoelectrochemistry,":[132],"electrolysis,":[134],"fuel":[135],"cell":[136],"electrodeposition,":[138],"engineering":[140],"achieve":[142],"energy":[143],"storage,":[144],"production":[145],"clean":[147],"valuable":[152],"metals":[153],"from":[154],"with":[157],"minimal":[158],"or":[159],"no":[160],"negative":[161],"impact":[162],"environment.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":105},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}