{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148041817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039001009","title":"The Gap Between Science and Policy in The Bell Curve","display_name":"The Gap Between Science and Policy in The Bell Curve","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148041817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039001009","mag":"2148041817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0002764295039001009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039001009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039001009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20589029","display_name":"American Behavioral Scientist","issn_l":"0002-7642","issn":["0002-7642","1552-3381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Behavioral Scientist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034380691","display_name":"Kenneth Aizawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-4901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7143-4901"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"KENNETH AIZAWA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centenary College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centenary College","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034380691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93512304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"84","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13765","display_name":"Social Science and Policy Research","score":0.5303000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13765","display_name":"Social Science and Policy Research","score":0.5303000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.18310000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-bell-curve","display_name":"The Bell Curve","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/richard-herrnstein","display_name":"Richard Herrnstein","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-murray","display_name":"Charles Murray","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iq","display_name":"IQ","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-policy-recommendations","display_name":"social policy recommendations","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy-gap","display_name":"science-policy gap","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-intelligence","display_name":"race and intelligence","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-class","display_name":"social class","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-structure","display_name":"social structure","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.7224571704864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.7020237445831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.6254626512527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19159745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395","display_name":"Social policy","level":2,"score":0.4579949975013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4236745834350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41230344772338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3832363784313202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3433019816875458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3119240403175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22086438536643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21945595741271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08231571316719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0002764295039001009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039001009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039001009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20589029","display_name":"American Behavioral Scientist","issn_l":"0002-7642","issn":["0002-7642","1552-3381"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Behavioral Scientist","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.01RUT_INST:11663450650004646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/The-Gap-Between-Science-and-Policy/991031653974604646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401388","display_name":"Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","host_organization_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583842144","https://openalex.org/W1987556956","https://openalex.org/W2015139652","https://openalex.org/W2021551171","https://openalex.org/W2067709396","https://openalex.org/W2608354230","https://openalex.org/W2797611351","https://openalex.org/W2799450061","https://openalex.org/W4300457330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378994405","https://openalex.org/W2385974820","https://openalex.org/W2373478030","https://openalex.org/W2378679551","https://openalex.org/W3149739944","https://openalex.org/W2392363776","https://openalex.org/W2063051341","https://openalex.org/W2591066345","https://openalex.org/W1494563618","https://openalex.org/W2357022711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,154],"The":[1,54],"Bell":[2,55],"Curve,":[3],"Richard":[4],"Herrnstein":[5,101,137],"and":[6,31,35,51,68,102,109,138,167],"Charles":[7],"Murray":[8,103,139],"sketch":[9],"various":[10],"social":[11,32,70,114,151],"policy":[12,71,119,152,170],"reforms":[13],"that":[14,100,130],"they":[15],"take":[16],"to":[17,46,105],"be":[18],"suggested":[19],"or":[20],"implied":[21],"by":[22],"their":[23,150,163,168],"purported":[24],"scientific":[25,165],"findings":[26,166],"concerning":[27,107],"IQ,":[28],"race,":[29],"class,":[30],"structure.":[33],"By":[34,124],"large,":[36],"scientists":[37],"have":[38],"done":[39],"a":[40,141,146,159],"fine":[41],"job":[42],"of":[43,58,66,82,93],"drawing":[44],"attention":[45],"the":[47,62,83,91,96],"many":[48,65,81],"empirical":[49,98,135],"inadequacies":[50],"flaws":[52],"in":[53,113],"Curve.":[56],"This,":[57],"course,":[59],"significantly":[60],"undermines":[61],"case":[63,148],"for":[64,79,90,149],"Hernnstein":[67],"Murray's":[69],"recommendations.":[72,85,153,171],"Yet":[73],"there":[74,157],"is":[75],"another":[76],"obvious":[77],"strategy":[78],"resisting":[80],"astonishing":[84],"One":[86],"might":[87],"concede,":[88],"just":[89],"sake":[92],"argument,":[94],"all":[95],"major":[97],"assumptions":[99],"wish":[104],"make":[106],"IQ":[108],"its":[110],"causal":[111],"role":[112],"behavior,":[115],"then":[116,122],"examine":[117],"what":[118],"recommendations":[120],"are":[121,140],"entailed.":[123],"adopting":[125],"this":[126],"strategy,":[127],"one":[128],"sees":[129],"even":[131],"under":[132],"very":[133],"generous":[134],"assumptions,":[136],"long":[142],"way":[143],"from":[144],"having":[145],"solid":[147],"other":[155],"words,":[156],"remains":[158],"substantial":[160],"gap":[161],"between":[162],"putative":[164],"proffered":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-03T10:48:47.769340","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}