{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147992013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","title":"Complex cognition and behavioural innovation in New Caledonian crows","display_name":"Complex cognition and behavioural innovation in New Caledonian crows","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147992013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","mag":"2147992013","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20410040","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2982037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006207977","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4649","issn":["0080-4649","0962-8452","1471-2954","2053-9193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2982037","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017792679","display_name":"Alex H. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-7667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-7667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex H. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076115682","display_name":"Douglas M. Elliffe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-9540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-9540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Elliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","Douglas Elliffe    Google Scholar  Find this author on PubMed"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Douglas Elliffe    Google Scholar  Find this author on PubMed","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111505622","display_name":"Gavin R. Hunt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin R. Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","Gavin R. Hunt    Google Scholar  Find this author on PubMed"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gavin R. Hunt    Google Scholar  Find this author on PubMed","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076786881","display_name":"Russell David Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-0191","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-0191"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell D. Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":170,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98964846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"277","issue":"1694","first_page":"2637","last_page":"2643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-caledonian-crow","display_name":"New Caledonian crow","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioural-innovation","display_name":"behavioural innovation","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tool-use","display_name":"tool use","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-flexibility","display_name":"cognitive flexibility","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaining","display_name":"chaining","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resurgence","display_name":"resurgence","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-cognition","display_name":"animal cognition","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corvids","display_name":"Corvidae","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49020025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059099","display_name":"Chaining","level":2,"score":0.9595197439193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82407246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155630","display_name":"Comparative cognition","level":3,"score":0.7878363728523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6908265948295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.633327841758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.610651433467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5000064373016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41690226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q499210","display_name":"Animal cognition","level":3,"score":0.4882838726043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4760743975639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.46655648946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45363789796829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4179309010505676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3836404085159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3253384232521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.24744486808776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11946961283683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11619758605957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1050853431224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046368","descriptor_name":"Crows","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053001","descriptor_name":"Tool Use Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3006207977","display_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0080-4649","issn":["0080-4649","0962-8452","1471-2954","2053-9193"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2173909","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2982037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20410040","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20410040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. Biological sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2982037","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2982037/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_2166405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0027-A8E9-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/13166","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/13166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2173909","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2982037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507531842","https://openalex.org/W1514621373","https://openalex.org/W1631057552","https://openalex.org/W1968536820","https://openalex.org/W1977417532","https://openalex.org/W1982809847","https://openalex.org/W1990952381","https://openalex.org/W1992408942","https://openalex.org/W2010916807","https://openalex.org/W2012162694","https://openalex.org/W2027498580","https://openalex.org/W2029337059","https://openalex.org/W2040117938","https://openalex.org/W2042570062","https://openalex.org/W2051319541","https://openalex.org/W2068194621","https://openalex.org/W2075282536","https://openalex.org/W2078975988","https://openalex.org/W2090988936","https://openalex.org/W2097556395","https://openalex.org/W2102534481","https://openalex.org/W2115606248","https://openalex.org/W2121247660","https://openalex.org/W2134145060","https://openalex.org/W2134945510","https://openalex.org/W2137840984","https://openalex.org/W2138716288","https://openalex.org/W2146432586","https://openalex.org/W2156834836","https://openalex.org/W2156934441","https://openalex.org/W2157345427","https://openalex.org/W2159727850","https://openalex.org/W2164672532","https://openalex.org/W2166074003","https://openalex.org/W2317130090","https://openalex.org/W4253729971","https://openalex.org/W4300905227","https://openalex.org/W4388250822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2094101853","https://openalex.org/W7118015837","https://openalex.org/W2027498580","https://openalex.org/W2097556395","https://openalex.org/W7098177084","https://openalex.org/W7095578596","https://openalex.org/W173508855","https://openalex.org/W7100948426","https://openalex.org/W4206015795","https://openalex.org/W2109145917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Apes,":[0],"corvids":[1],"and":[2,79,123,148],"parrots":[3],"all":[4],"show":[5],"high":[6,175],"rates":[7,177],"of":[8,96,119,136,159],"behavioural":[9],"innovation":[10,176],"in":[11,99,139,178],"the":[12,65,83,97,110,113,131,152,157,179],"wild.":[13],"However,":[14],"it":[15],"is":[16,22],"unclear":[17],"whether":[18],"this":[19,34],"innovative":[20,134],"behaviour":[21],"underpinned":[23],"by":[24,58],"cognition":[25],"more":[26],"complex":[27,183],"than":[28],"simple":[29],"learning":[30,189],"mechanisms.":[31,190],"To":[32],"investigate":[33],"question":[35],"we":[36],"presented":[37],"New":[38],"Caledonian":[39],"crows":[40],"with":[41,93,117,156],"a":[42,55,61,69,73,77,90,105,170],"novel":[43,106,140],"three-stage":[44],"metatool":[45,70],"problem.":[46,132],"The":[47],"task":[48],"involved":[49],"three":[50],"distinct":[51],"stages:":[52],"(i)":[53],"obtaining":[54],"short":[56,66],"stick":[57,67,75,85],"pulling":[59],"up":[60],"string,":[62],"(ii)":[63],"using":[64,82,121,169],"as":[68],"to":[71,86,108,125],"extract":[72,87],"long":[74,84],"from":[76,89],"toolbox,":[78],"finally":[80],"(iii)":[81],"food":[88,127],"hole.":[91],"Crows":[92,116],"previous":[94],"experience":[95,118],"behaviours":[98,138],"stages":[100],"1-3":[101],"linked":[102],"them":[103],"into":[104],"sequence":[107],"solve":[109],"problem":[111],"on":[112,145],"first":[114],"trial.":[115],"only":[120],"string":[122],"tools":[124],"access":[126],"also":[128],"successfully":[129],"solved":[130],"This":[133,172],"use":[135],"established":[137],"contexts":[141],"was":[142,154],"not":[143],"based":[144],"resurgence,":[146],"chaining":[147],"conditional":[149],"reinforcement.":[150],"Instead,":[151],"performance":[153],"consistent":[155],"transfer":[158],"an":[160],"abstract,":[161],"causal":[162],"rule:":[163],"'out-of-reach":[164],"objects":[165],"can":[166],"be":[167],"accessed":[168],"tool'.":[171],"suggests":[173],"that":[174,186],"wild":[180],"may":[181],"reflect":[182],"cognitive":[184],"abilities":[185],"supplement":[187],"basic":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
