{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147980469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jmcs.9000021","title":"Critical analysis of press freedom in Pakistan","display_name":"Critical analysis of press freedom in Pakistan","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147980469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jmcs.9000021","mag":"2147980469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.831.314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.831.314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMCS/article-full-text-pdf/F309A3D10173/","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030169795","display_name":"Syed Abdul Siraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3348"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Abdul Siraj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-3348","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030169795"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88913826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"043","last_page":"047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.36649999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.36649999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.36570000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.07150000333786011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/press-freedom","display_name":"freedom of the press","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-dictatorship","display_name":"military dictatorship","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blasphemy-law","display_name":"blasphemy law","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/journalists","display_name":"journalists","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/censorship","display_name":"censorship","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/print-media","display_name":"print media","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"broadcasting","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selective-exposure","display_name":"selective exposure","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan-people-s-party","display_name":"Pakistan People's Party","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporters-without-borders","display_name":"Reporters Sans Fronti\u00e8res","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-expression","display_name":"freedom of expression","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75952962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22688","display_name":"Freedom of the press","level":3,"score":0.9039781093597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.650581955909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52930066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543","display_name":"Censorship","level":2,"score":0.5700494647026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5278425216674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5112676620483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4405851364135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.4023607075214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38571038842201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13984256982803345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.831.314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.831.314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMCS/article-full-text-pdf/F309A3D10173/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2147980469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jmcs.9000021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMCS/article-abstract/F309A3D10173","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media and Communication Studies","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570315864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1699630201","https://openalex.org/W2404134869","https://openalex.org/W7222941656","https://openalex.org/W3153603781","https://openalex.org/W2950952825","https://openalex.org/W4226063338","https://openalex.org/W3204541498","https://openalex.org/W7220154215","https://openalex.org/W2983510869","https://openalex.org/W649612314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Press":[0,40,174],"freedom":[1,127,202],"has":[2,31,55,198],"never":[3],"been":[4,32,56],"consistent":[5],"in":[6,41,83,105,156,167],"Pakistan.":[7,84],"Different":[8],"regimes":[9],"used":[10,57],"legal":[11],"and":[12,22,67,146],"constitutional":[13],"means":[14],"to":[15,99,110],"control":[16],"the":[17,38,65,68,77,96,108,120,125,131,136,139,143,168,186,190,194,204],"press":[18,126,137,153],"from":[19,95],"public":[20],"debate":[21],"criticism.":[23],"In":[24,160],"it":[25],"sixty":[26],"years":[27],"of":[28,64,71,80,114,162,180,183,193,203],"history,":[29],"Pakistan":[30,42,195],"ruled":[33],"by":[34],"military":[35,121,145],"more":[36,112],"than":[37],"civilian.":[39],"usually":[43],"faces":[44],"threats,":[45],"violence,":[46],"economic":[47],"pressure,":[48],"etc.":[49],"The":[50],"country's":[51],"law":[52],"on":[53],"blasphemy":[54],"against":[58],"journalists.":[59],"Poor":[60],"literacy,":[61],"urban":[62],"orientation":[63],"press,":[66],"high":[69,123],"price":[70],"newspapers":[72],"are":[73],"detrimental":[74],"factors":[75],"for":[76,149,185,200],"under":[78],"development":[79],"print":[81],"media":[82],"Beside":[85],"these":[86],"barricades,":[87],"one":[88],"can":[89],"now":[90],"easily":[91],"notice":[92],"a":[93,157,181],"shift":[94],"centralized":[97],"broadcasting":[98],"an":[100],"open":[101],"competition":[102],"broadcast":[103],"system":[104],"Pakistan,":[106],"enabling":[107],"audience":[109],"enjoy":[111],"power":[113],"selective":[115],"exposure.":[116],"All":[117],"governments":[118],"including":[119],"say":[122],"about":[124,150],"but":[128],"often":[129],"thing":[130],"other":[132],"way":[133],"round":[134],"when":[135],"criticizes":[138],"government.":[140],"However,":[141],"during":[142],"Musharraf":[144],"civil":[147],"regime":[148],"nine":[151],"year,":[152],"was":[154],"operated":[155],"mixed":[158],"character.":[159],"view":[161],"this":[163],"situation,":[164],"Pakistan\u2019s":[165],"place":[166],"Reporters":[169],"sans":[170],"Frontiers-":[171],"Annual":[172],"Worldwide":[173],"Freedom":[175],"Index":[176],"is":[177],"152":[178],"out":[179],"total":[182],"167":[184],"year":[187],"2007.":[188],"However":[189],"new":[191],"government":[192],"People's":[196],"party":[197],"promised":[199],"maximum":[201],"press.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
