{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147948383","doi":null,"title":"Significance of apoptosis and its relationship to antioxidants after ochratoxin A administration in mice.","display_name":"Significance of apoptosis and its relationship to antioxidants after ochratoxin A administration in mice.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147948383","mag":"2147948383","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11177646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033128905","display_name":"Faik Atroshi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Atroshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Sciences, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, Finland. faik.atroshi@helsinki.fi","Department of Clinical Sciences, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, Finland. faik.atroshi@helsinki.fi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki University, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043322079","display_name":"Isa Biese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Biese","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051964398","display_name":"Hannu S. Saloniemi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Saloniemi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052854862","display_name":"Terhi Ali-Vehmas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Ali-Vehmas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S Saari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Saari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110035930","display_name":"Aldo F. Rizzo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Rizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081188073","display_name":"Pirjo Veijalainen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Veijalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93979764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"281","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10520","display_name":"Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10520","display_name":"Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ochratoxin-a","display_name":"ochratoxin A","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver","display_name":"liver","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatotoxicity","display_name":"hepatotoxicity","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidants","display_name":"antioxidants","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-glutathione","display_name":"reduced glutathione","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptotic-bodies","display_name":"apoptotic bodies","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrilobular-necrosis","display_name":"centrilobular necrosis","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coenzyme-q10","display_name":"coenzyme Q10","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-carnitine","display_name":"L-carnitine","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylcysteine","display_name":"N-acetylcysteine","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium","display_name":"selenium","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-e","display_name":"vitamin E","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-c","display_name":"vitamin C","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tamoxifen","display_name":"tamoxifen","score":0.9810000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.7830187082290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538909803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116907","display_name":"Glutathione","level":3,"score":0.69865483045578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503630168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178069","display_name":"Necrosis","level":2,"score":0.6171974539756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.5078974366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4778599143028259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776008721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1885038","display_name":"Ochratoxin A","level":3,"score":0.460845947265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141180","display_name":"Vitamin E","level":3,"score":0.4429040253162384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.42844146490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4044235944747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.39761653542518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37704551219940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32215455174446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.227035254240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.22232842445373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84699730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422449","display_name":"Mycotoxin","level":2,"score":0.10895860195159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000975","descriptor_name":"Antioxidants","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002273","descriptor_name":"Carcinogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004347","descriptor_name":"Drug Interactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005978","descriptor_name":"Glutathione","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009793","descriptor_name":"Ochratoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013629","descriptor_name":"Tamoxifen","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016588","descriptor_name":"Anticarcinogenic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11177646","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.574.1463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.574.1463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ualberta.ca/~csps/JPPS3(3)/F.Atroshi/Atroshi-Significance.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2147948383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11177646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59619781","https://openalex.org/W146410082","https://openalex.org/W310844064","https://openalex.org/W1589415602","https://openalex.org/W1595972372","https://openalex.org/W1734082729","https://openalex.org/W1915857360","https://openalex.org/W1935401387","https://openalex.org/W1969259211","https://openalex.org/W1972421515","https://openalex.org/W1979181545","https://openalex.org/W1981883990","https://openalex.org/W1983240067","https://openalex.org/W1986692456","https://openalex.org/W1988302318","https://openalex.org/W1988464184","https://openalex.org/W1991865867","https://openalex.org/W1992045438","https://openalex.org/W1993502623","https://openalex.org/W1994220877","https://openalex.org/W1997208169","https://openalex.org/W2001833104","https://openalex.org/W2008684276","https://openalex.org/W2012326925","https://openalex.org/W2015231939","https://openalex.org/W2016293448","https://openalex.org/W2019585807","https://openalex.org/W2020322435","https://openalex.org/W2024180489","https://openalex.org/W2029473126","https://openalex.org/W2031029283","https://openalex.org/W2037473273","https://openalex.org/W2040411965","https://openalex.org/W2045402010","https://openalex.org/W2048707186","https://openalex.org/W2058667122","https://openalex.org/W2075485636","https://openalex.org/W2077082072","https://openalex.org/W2083295584","https://openalex.org/W2083316920","https://openalex.org/W2084353604","https://openalex.org/W2087487347","https://openalex.org/W2090354683","https://openalex.org/W2094370636","https://openalex.org/W2096284480","https://openalex.org/W2099287329","https://openalex.org/W2099295724","https://openalex.org/W2101575450","https://openalex.org/W2109617076","https://openalex.org/W2119399704","https://openalex.org/W2131124110","https://openalex.org/W2132969614","https://openalex.org/W2135794349","https://openalex.org/W2142631669","https://openalex.org/W2142783613","https://openalex.org/W2143417663","https://openalex.org/W2144612848","https://openalex.org/W2146545288","https://openalex.org/W2148645153","https://openalex.org/W2169385461","https://openalex.org/W2182772728","https://openalex.org/W2197501014","https://openalex.org/W2266029732","https://openalex.org/W2403313275","https://openalex.org/W2405285513","https://openalex.org/W2442523941","https://openalex.org/W2466869754","https://openalex.org/W2496351263","https://openalex.org/W3021565715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097898036","https://openalex.org/W1988431353","https://openalex.org/W2301655344","https://openalex.org/W2884819029","https://openalex.org/W7046989328","https://openalex.org/W2050154615","https://openalex.org/W1543726346","https://openalex.org/W2151972001","https://openalex.org/W4403966771","https://openalex.org/W2018369904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,10],"study":[1],"of":[2,5,19,34,41,59,72,78,100,124,153,189,196,212,232,253,259,282,291,299,305,313],"the":[3,32,57,70,95,125,210,221,230,254,262,280,300],"appearance":[4],"liver":[6,93,226],"apoptosis":[7,35,43,149,285,317],"after":[8,50,201,247,288],"ochratoxin":[9],"(OTA)":[11],"administration":[12],"was":[13,45,81,117,157,165,286],"performed":[14],"in":[15,31,36,88,92,148,151,168,187,215,274,307],"male":[16],"mice.":[17],"Administration":[18],"OTA":[20,156,172,202,249,292],"twice":[21],"a":[22,251],"week":[23,175],"for":[24,173,180],"one":[25,112,174],"or":[26,144],"two":[27,48,85,120,181,245,289],"weeks":[28,49,246,290],"period":[29],"results":[30],"occurrence":[33],"mice\"s":[37],"liver.":[38,216],"The":[39,76,122,160],"presence":[40,58],"intracellular":[42],"bodies":[44,80,214],"detected":[46],"at":[47,84,111,119],"toxin":[51],"treatment.":[52],"Light":[53],"microscopic":[54],"examination":[55],"demonstrated":[56],"eosinophilic":[60],"globules,":[61],"often":[62],"containing":[63],"apoptotic":[64,79,213],"bodies.":[65],"They":[66],"were":[67,309],"found":[68],"within":[69],"cytoplasm":[71],"intact":[73],"hepatic":[74,218,267,275],"cells.":[75],"number":[77],"further":[82],"enhanced":[83],"weeks,":[86],"resulting":[87],"8":[89],"fold":[90],"increases":[91],"over":[94],"control":[96],"values.":[97],"No":[98],"evidence":[99],"cell":[101,198,314],"necrosis":[102,116],"could":[103,265],"be":[104,304],"observed":[105,287],"by":[106,155,162,272],"histological":[107],"and":[108,142,193],"biochemical":[109],"analysis":[110],"week.":[113],"However,":[114,257],"centrilobular":[115],"evident":[118],"weeks.":[121,182],"ability":[123],"combined":[126,263,301],"antioxidants:":[127],"Coenzyme":[128],"Q":[129],"10":[130],"(CoQ":[131],"10),":[132],"L-carnitine,":[133],"Zn,":[134],"Mg,":[135],"N-acetyl":[136],"cysteine,":[137],"vitamin":[138,140],"C,":[139],"E":[141],"selenium":[143],"tamoxifen":[145],"to":[146,238,320],"intervene":[147],"induced":[150],"livers":[152],"mice":[154,169,178,260],"also":[158,295],"investigated.":[159],"inhibition":[161,207],"these":[163,283],"scavengers":[164],"more":[166],"clear":[167],"treated":[170,179],"with":[171,184,261],"than":[176],"those":[177],"Treatment":[183],"tamoxifen,":[185],"known":[186,237],"restoration":[188],"tumor":[190],"suppressor":[191],"function":[192],"on":[194,209],"induction":[195],"programmed":[197],"death":[199,315],"(apoptosis),":[200],"administration,":[203],"had":[204],"no":[205],"significant":[206],"effect":[208],"incidence":[211],"Because":[217],"glutathione":[219,235,277],"represents":[220],"major":[222],"defence":[223],"against":[224],"toxic":[225],"injury,":[227],"we":[228],"studied":[229],"activity":[231],"tissue":[233],"reduced":[234,276],"(GSH),":[236],"inhibit":[239],"apoptosis.":[240],"Our":[241],"finding":[242],"showed":[243],"that":[244,297],"treatment,":[248],"caused":[250],"decrease":[252],"GSH":[255],"activity.":[256],"treatment":[258],"antioxidants":[264,302],"enhance":[266],"antioxidant/detoxification":[268],"system,":[269],"as":[270],"indicated":[271],"increase":[273],"level.":[278],"In":[279],"light":[281],"results,":[284],"administration.":[293],"We":[294],"suggest":[296],"use":[298],"may":[303],"interest":[306],"conditions":[308],"certain":[310],"toxin-mediated":[311],"forms":[312],"and/or":[316],"contribute":[318],"significantly":[319],"toxicity.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}