{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147807775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","title":"Toxicity of the Extracellular Phase of Prymnesium parvum Cultures","display_name":"Toxicity of the Extracellular Phase of Prymnesium parvum Cultures","publication_year":1961,"publication_date":"1961-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147807775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","mag":"2147807775","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13787241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238889","display_name":"Journal of General Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-1287","issn":["0022-1287","2059-9323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of General Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081184965","display_name":"Joseph Yariv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Yariv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020616240","display_name":"Shlomo Hestrin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Hestrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8555,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88719512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"165","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11985","display_name":"Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11985","display_name":"Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prymnesium-parvum","display_name":"Prymnesium parvum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prymnesins","display_name":"prymnesins","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-toxins","display_name":"extracellular toxins","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemolysin","display_name":"hemolysin","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ichthyotoxicity","display_name":"ichthyotoxicity","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-kills","display_name":"fish kills","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saponins","display_name":"saponins","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cofactors","display_name":"cofactors","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptomycin","display_name":"streptomycin","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-chloride","display_name":"calcium chloride","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium-chloride","display_name":"magnesium chloride","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gill-permeability","display_name":"gill permeability","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-assay","display_name":"toxin assay","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197957613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407280","display_name":"Cofactor","level":3,"score":0.8229051828384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.5711796879768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5531495809555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5298214554786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.5273429155349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779902561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471706","display_name":"Hemolysis","level":2,"score":0.5026774406433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136139683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746278","display_name":"Hemolysin","level":4,"score":0.4822257459163666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4720514714717865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3432503640651703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.2987077236175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60987743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232","display_name":"Virulence","level":3,"score":0.22118458151817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.08423483371734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007448","descriptor_name":"Invertebrates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035926","descriptor_name":"Hepatophyta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056890","descriptor_name":"Eukaryota","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058087","descriptor_name":"Haptophyta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-24-2-165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210238889","display_name":"Journal of General Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-1287","issn":["0022-1287","2059-9323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of General Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:13787241","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13787241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of general microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105057667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W113353112","https://openalex.org/W1982266585","https://openalex.org/W2150814490","https://openalex.org/W2515288079","https://openalex.org/W4402169628","https://openalex.org/W7095312167","https://openalex.org/W10334193","https://openalex.org/W11530677","https://openalex.org/W1971027981","https://openalex.org/W2083779599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary:":[0],"Cytotoxic":[1],"material":[2],"(\u2018prymnesin\u2019)":[3],"excreted":[4],"into":[5],"the":[6,10,49,111,163,179],"growth":[7],"medium":[8],"by":[9,55,76,87,171],"phytoflagellate":[11],"Prymnesium":[12],"parvum":[13],"was":[14,51],"partially":[15],"purified":[16],"and":[17,31,139,162],"crudely":[18],"characterized.":[19],"It":[20],"proved":[21],"to":[22,84,110,155],"be":[23,156],"a":[24,38,41,56,67,88,106,113,119,121,125,132,142,152,173],"highly":[25,82],"potent":[26],"haemolysin;":[27],"its":[28],"solubility":[29],"properties":[30],"some":[32],"other":[33],"characteristics":[34],"are":[35,160],"those":[36],"of":[37,62,90,128,137,147,175,178],"lipid,":[39],"perhaps":[40],"saponin.":[42],"The":[43,145],"high":[44,57],"haemolytic":[45,64],"activity":[46,65],"which":[47,130],"characterized":[48],"toxin":[50],"often":[52],"also":[53],"accompanied":[54],"ichthyotoxic":[58],"activity.":[59],"A":[60],"method":[61],"locating":[63],"in":[66,99,135],"paper":[68],"chromatogram":[69],"is":[70,120,141],"described.":[71],"Fish":[72],"were":[73,80],"killed":[74],"not":[75],"prymnesin":[77,85,102,122,167],"alone,":[78],"but":[79],"rendered":[81],"susceptible":[83],"poisoning":[86],"range":[89,109],"cofactors:":[91],"streptomycin":[92],"sulphate,":[93],"calcium":[94],"chloride,":[95],"magnesium":[96],"chloride.":[97],"Ichthyotoxicity":[98],"cofactor":[100,129],"+":[101],"systems":[103],"conformed":[104],"within":[105],"wide":[107],"concentration":[108,127],"relationship:":[112],"\u00d7":[114],"b":[115,124],"=":[116],"Q,":[117],"where":[118],"concentration,":[123],"minimum":[126],"elicits":[131],"lethal":[133],"effect":[134],"presence":[136],"a,":[138],"Q":[140],"cofactor-specific":[143],"constant.":[144],"recognition":[146],"this":[148],"relationship":[149],"has":[150],"enabled":[151],"sensitive":[153],"assay":[154],"developed.":[157],"Practical":[158],"implications":[159],"discussed":[161],"hypothesis":[164],"proposed":[165],"that":[166],"acts":[168],"on":[169],"fish":[170],"inducing":[172],"state":[174],"abnormal":[176],"permeability":[177],"gill.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}