{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147452659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","title":"Dispelling the myth of robotic efficiency","display_name":"Dispelling the myth of robotic efficiency","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147452659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","mag":"2147452659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139349145","display_name":"Astronomy & Geophysics","issn_l":"1366-8781","issn":["1366-8781","1468-4004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astronomy & Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.6250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022154215","display_name":"Ian Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-7403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-7403","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7406-9314","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4433-7310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","display_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/02mb95055","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I A Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Planetary Science at Birkbeck College London,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science at Birkbeck College London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022154215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87873856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"2.22","last_page":"2.26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.5220000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.5220000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":0.20020000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.13099999725818634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-space-exploration","display_name":"human space exploration","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotic-space-exploration","display_name":"robotic space exploration","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-surface-exploration","display_name":"planetary surface exploration","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apollo-program","display_name":"Apollo program","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-rover","display_name":"Mars rover","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-exploration-rover-opportunity","display_name":"Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-science-laboratory","display_name":"Mars Science Laboratory","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-return","display_name":"sample return","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serendipitous-discovery","display_name":"serendipitous discovery","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-drilling","display_name":"planetary drilling","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mars-colonization","display_name":"Mars colonization","score":0.9490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779821442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41633","display_name":"Apollo","level":2,"score":0.8179969787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5810533165931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989411428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368937","display_name":"Planetary exploration","level":3,"score":0.5414038896560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5182849764823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.4944467544555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47566789388656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46738898754119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104060986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180046","display_name":"Space exploration","level":2,"score":0.45391586422920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4159313142299652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.31945860385894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.30108243227005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2952345013618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.26593220233917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13349983096122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10912391543388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08688139915466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06741347908973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.06610709428787231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2012.53222.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139349145","display_name":"Astronomy & Geophysics","issn_l":"1366-8781","issn":["1366-8781","1468-4004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astronomy & Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1203.6250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6250","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.6250","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.bbk.ac.uk.oai2:11151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/11151/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400465","display_name":"BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98259816","host_organization_name":"Birkbeck, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98259816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1366135","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1366135/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ASTRONOMY & GEOPHYSICS , 53 (2) pp. 22-26. (2012)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1203.6250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.6250","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.6250","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165156994","https://openalex.org/W187669668","https://openalex.org/W433645016","https://openalex.org/W592627778","https://openalex.org/W1526837005","https://openalex.org/W1538063343","https://openalex.org/W1544862888","https://openalex.org/W1570775758","https://openalex.org/W1593216898","https://openalex.org/W1611112491","https://openalex.org/W1638190669","https://openalex.org/W1671224790","https://openalex.org/W1680724326","https://openalex.org/W2007551178","https://openalex.org/W2042122315","https://openalex.org/W2061737300","https://openalex.org/W2065838564","https://openalex.org/W2920834972","https://openalex.org/W4245159931","https://openalex.org/W4253131097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3102371840","https://openalex.org/W140144609","https://openalex.org/W4256735548","https://openalex.org/W2030505874","https://openalex.org/W6920679944","https://openalex.org/W2119116070","https://openalex.org/W5563072","https://openalex.org/W2408933241","https://openalex.org/W4292622642","https://openalex.org/W2065838564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0,3230,3263],"is":[1,45,57,402,443,511,585,615,646,683,742,1000,1160,1175,1207,1222,1267,1377,1521,1592,1735,1771,1817,1844,1877,1882,1923,1958,1964,1983,2063,2098,2182,2194,2222,2275,2283,2291,2305,2312,2368,2427,2451,2506,2582,2670,2689,2710,2825,2842,2995,3011,3118,3178,3231,3259,3301,3332,3346,3407,3503,3704,3799],"a":[2,39,144,153,343,373,475,594,598,601,609,619,638,656,783,820,876,895,949,968,1042,1048,1055,1070,1453,1752,1799,1967,2020,2091,2116,2134,2239,2357,2436,2526,2555,2671,2742,2800,2916,2970,3021,3089,3232,3269,3275,3284,3293,3298,3303,3315,3439,3465,3504,3527,3556,3588,3609,3615,3800,3945,3991,4013],"widely":[3],"held":[4],"view":[5,2678],"in":[6,68,116,167,203,248,256,273,279,385,397,474,593,606,748,802,815,823,855,911,928,984,1034,1047,1064,1066,1083,1101,1121,1150,1313,1449,1504,1524,1539,1561,1565,1610,1652,1664,1722,1809,1833,1997,2065,2128,2169,2254,2340,2348,2464,2514,2548,2598,2735,2819,2834,2875,2896,2920,2955,2974,2978,3036,3046,3082,3126,3142,3157,3267,3309,3354,3383,3404,3495,3600,3602,3614,3632,3654,3666,3684,3730,3738,3804,3823,3941,4005,4023],"the":[7,64,73,77,85,100,106,124,130,139,188,192,201,244,252,260,268,287,296,300,312,333,355,405,408,432,435,440,446,454,463,478,482,489,519,524,528,543,569,572,650,662,665,687,713,723,730,754,780,794,829,833,850,880,900,904,953,973,977,1022,1030,1035,1039,1067,1108,1111,1126,1178,1201,1236,1240,1256,1297,1302,1314,1318,1344,1366,1402,1433,1436,1450,1459,1475,1485,1499,1505,1529,1558,1581,1611,1615,1623,1646,1657,1665,1673,1678,1688,1696,1704,1719,1723,1736,1745,1757,1773,1781,1793,1803,1814,1818,1825,1834,1862,1873,1891,1896,1901,1907,1920,1926,1933,1951,1977,1984,1988,1993,1998,2002,2027,2030,2038,2043,2049,2070,2081,2095,2099,2103,2109,2120,2129,2140,2153,2179,2184,2197,2214,2217,2223,2227,2233,2243,2295,2299,2303,2321,2337,2372,2389,2417,2433,2515,2533,2648,2679,2718,2774,2797,2820,2852,2870,2878,2887,2892,2900,2934,2939,2951,2956,2990,3001,3040,3051,3068,3104,3108,3213,3272,3295,3310,3336,3365,3374,3395,3397,3411,3424,3447,3509,3517,3524,3545,3549,3553,3571,3581,3623,3641,3648,3655,3692,3710,3739,3743,3746,3749,3755,3765,3773,3786,3805,3818,3824,3837,3852,3856,3880,3899,3932,3964,3981,3986,3994,4002,4024,4043,4052],"astronomical":[8,3806],"community":[9],"that":[10,42,66,87,99,392,542,586,741,832,1053,1094,1135,1269,1518,1569,1772,1903,1925,1943,1959,1981,2051,2280,2508,2571,2583,2624,2690,2824,2857,3176,3532,3658,3706,3846,3974,4012],"unmanned":[11],"robotic":[12,43,82,117,158,302,320,486,506,680,800,1009,1194,1215,1293,1426,1509,1533,1600,1643,1764,1937,2287,2328,2439,2603,2685,2692,2855,3008,3137,3214,3417,3491,3677],"space":[13,118,150,361,449,856,929,1085,1103,2659,3511],"vehicles":[14,1294,3492],"are,":[15,2860,3583],"and":[16,61,75,79,114,137,184,223,234,240,282,309,311,332,335,350,357,399,411,422,485,491,578,661,701,759,772,791,799,818,919,992,1008,1087,1128,1184,1191,1203,1245,1261,1324,1386,1567,1574,1638,1648,1703,1708,1789,1822,1852,1860,2012,2034,2119,2193,2242,2263,2289,2327,2353,2385,2395,2591,2635,2640,2674,2684,2697,2731,2733,2748,2770,2811,2817,2859,2909,2913,3006,3048,3080,3101,3195,3286,3321,3455,3586,3592,3643,3647,3650,3665,3687,3732,3751,3796,3886,3943,4034,4042],"always":[17,1830],"will":[18,70,90,395,549,693,726,840,1285,1441,1538,1714,1829,1940,2482,3167,3349,3462,3472,3484,3630,3659],"be,":[19],"more":[20,109,423,428,565,731,735,910,983,1078,1119,1145,1211,1233,1279,1288,1337,1358,1466,1597,1716,1811,1855,1911,2167,2198,2284,2370,2503,2544,2596,2614,2672,3322,3325,3474],"efficient":[21,835,1120,1212,1289,1359,1598,2168,2597],"explorers":[22],"of":[23,81,102,141,155,290,337,342,359,366,407,413,434,462,465,477,481,503,508,526,545,616,642,653,664,686,690,695,706,717,753,757,782,786,797,825,838,844,859,871,903,913,922,932,944,976,986,995,1006,1024,1041,1054,1069,1072,1090,1143,1163,1170,1239,1258,1277,1310,1370,1392,1438,1452,1462,1507,1532,1589,1660,1718,1739,1778,1795,1802,1824,1836,1928,1969,2022,2045,2073,2078,2106,2111,2123,2142,2165,2175,2216,2230,2235,2323,2360,2416,2420,2435,2487,2517,2535,2562,2572,2594,2612,2682,2721,2744,2778,2799,2804,2854,2872,2891,2903,2918,2937,2976,2989,3003,3023,3055,3071,3107,3136,3212,3216,3274,3297,3312,3367,3377,3399,3413,3415,3441,3468,3544,3548,3555,3590,3596,3612,3645,3652,3713,3745,3748,3785,3791,3794,3924,3936,3993,3997,4016],"planetary":[24,161,469,509,789,809,1012,1231,1374,1590,2693,3237,3358],"surfaces":[25,510,1232,1591,3238,3359],"than":[26,47,608,649,1080,1125,1152,1166,1188,1213,1235,1281,1360,1467,1599,1813,1856,2177,2286,2336,2371,2495,2546,2602,2767,2864,2925,3410,3482],"astronauts":[27,255,1379,1990],"(e.g.":[28,170,330,354,458,1514,3341],"Coates":[29],"2001,":[30,172,174],"Clements":[31],"2009,":[32],"Rees":[33,3342],"2011).":[34,1247,1516,2462,3780],"Partly":[35],"this":[36,51,908,981,1158,1174,1519,1608,1651,1960,1982,2145,2158,2290,2349,2405,2431,2449,2509,2656,2846,2945,2999,3168,3177,3629,3868,3920,4008],"comes":[37],"from":[38,63,299,369,1059,1105,1264,1465,1479,1672,1895,1906,2378,3129,3691,3716],"common":[40],"assumption":[41],"exploration":[44,49,89,104,119,151,239,414,470,507,525,677,836,860,933,1010,1073,1123,1151,1195,1206,1588,1618,1938,2282,2600,2660,3215,3249,3530,3617,3678],"cheaper":[46,400,1415],"human":[48,88,103,149,466,504,602,657,676,691,798,826,1007,1043,1183,1220,1262,1454,1545,1576,1587,1617,1762,1837,2281,2326,2538,2564,2584,2618,2658,2683,2708,2722,2745,3443,3529,3568,3616],"(although":[50,3985],"isn't":[52,3264],"necessarily":[53,2553],"true":[54,2293,2507],"if":[55,1270,1425,1575,2294,3277,3351,3434,3456],"like":[56,2586],"compared":[58,1051,1255,1291,1497,1743,2018,3125],"with":[59,225,259,295,496,518,679,883,886,956,959,1052,1292,1397,1422,1474,1498,1976,2019,2055,2094,2196,2432,2525,2851,3000,3250,3327,3360,3536],"like)":[60],"partly":[62],"expectation":[65],"developments":[67],"technology":[69,394,3223],"relentlessly":[71],"increase":[72,384,3182],"capability":[74],"reduce":[76],"size":[78,365,386,3273,3296],"cost":[80,142,654,663,2359,2434,2457,2468,2853,2871,2936,2973,3106,3211,3366,3376,3398,3412],"missions":[83,132,305,417,452,484,487,692,1104,1429,1513,1546,1577,1619,1644,1683,1747,1779,1785,1816,2252,2345,2539,2585,2619,2694,2746,2856,2960,3140,3419,3444,3569,3895],"to":[84,94,122,143,322,346,378,390,453,488,627,659,744,808,1098,1116,1140,1209,1274,1348,1356,1381,1384,1527,1551,1555,1580,1606,1620,1645,1744,1755,1769,1842,1945,1948,2088,2115,2149,2316,2380,2398,2407,2429,2454,2542,2570,2609,2627,2677,2725,2771,2796,2844,2886,2899,2962,2983,2997,3014,3077,3088,3159,3190,3203,3205,3248,3306,3335,3356,3446,3453,3515,3567,3570,3604,3637,3700,3761,3772,3832,3836,3844,3851,3873,3876,3879,3930,3956,3972,4001],"point":[86,121,1556,1768,1841,2581,3266],"not":[91,673,1407,1522,2001,2306,2552,2711,2837,2931,3179,3202,3219,3244,3660,3670,3735,4020],"be":[92,216,419,472,555,727,841,1099,1117,1138,1210,1227,1286,1357,1442,1447,1496,1542,1549,1571,1631,1831,2017,2267,2334,2393,2399,2543,2628,2726,2741,2948,3169,3608,3661,3758],"able":[93],"compete.":[95],"I":[96,2412,3781,4027],"argue":[97],"below":[98,147],"experience":[101],"during":[105],"Apollo":[107,131,253,294,483,711,1491,1624,1636,1676,1806,1874,1989,2087,2160,2344,2361,2376,2402,2467,2476,2489,2499,2524,2547,2587,2755,2816,2835,2876,2879,2959,2975,2992,3381,3389,3809,3838,3853],"missions,":[108,1086,1625,1939,2329,2604,3718],"recent":[110],"field":[111,762,1004],"analogue":[112,498,1013,2200],"studies":[113],"trends":[115],"all":[120,705,839,2632,3246],"exactly":[123,3333],"opposite":[125,3334],"conclusion.":[126],"As":[127,1614,3146,3314],"demonstrated":[128,709],"by":[129,187,200,251,267,293,318,404,445,514,623,710,722,729,767,1002,1200,1472,1484,1932,2076,2108,2157,2204,2232,2238,2383,2554,2705,2752,3339,3486,3622,3674,3813,3861,3891,3896,3904,3980],"40":[133,1857],"years":[134,1858],"ago":[135],"\u2014":[136,148,1409,1416,1456,1827,2156],"leaving":[138],"question":[140],"separate":[145],"examination":[146],"has":[152,580,906,979,1254,1807,2146,2456,2868,3218,3226,3551,3727],"number":[154,1309,1659,2072,2105,2110,2229,2234,2803,3712,3935,3996,4015],"advantages":[156,214],"over":[157,505,2162,3771],"operations":[159],"on":[160,191,712,746,793,875,948,1015,1230,1333,1343,1373,1401,1635,1641,1710,1725,1849,1966,1992,2026,2057,2080,3034,3380,3394,3452,3480,3488,3676,4051],"surfaces.":[162,1375],"These":[163,213,3121,3840],"have":[164,538,719,764,894,967,1380,1869,2413,2783,3318,3782,4019],"been":[165,720,765,3220,3227,3552,3728,4021],"discussed":[166],"detail":[168],"elsewhere":[169],"Spudis":[171],"Crawford":[173],"2010,":[175],"Garvin":[176,768,777,863,936,1248],"2004,":[177,179],"Cockell":[178],"Snook":[180,773,1017,1129,2205],"et":[181,206,769,774,1018,1130,2206],"al.":[182,207,770,775,1019,1131,2207],"2007)":[183],"were":[185,708,1991,2813,3689,3698,3811,3841,3859,3889,3902,3977],"endorsed":[186],"independent":[189],"Commission":[190],"Scientific":[193],"Case":[194],"for":[195,228,237,326,438,468,571,1317,1336,2029,2037,2048,2086,2090,2278,2375,2651,2751,2764,3018,3029,3039,3062,3115,3235,3464,3475,3526,3580,3720,3815,3863,3893,3906,3952,4049],"Human":[196,416],"Space":[197,456],"Exploration":[198,270,375,574,1326,1898,2040,3043,3519,3558,3625,3918],"commissioned":[199],"RAS":[202,211,529],"2005":[204,612],"(Close":[205],"2005,":[208],"hereinafter":[209],"\u201cthe":[210],"Report\u201d).":[212],"can":[215,554,591,1387,1419,1547,2265,2522,2620,2740,3279],"summarized":[217,779,814],"as":[218,761,1197,1296,1443,1445,1584,1885,2101,2186,2225,2269,2307,2310,2362,2442,2471,2473,2645,2647,2950,3058,3193,3198,3222,3388,3421,3620,3663,3722,4039],"follows:":[219],"On-the-spot":[220],"decision":[221],"making":[222,3999],"flexibility,":[224],"increased":[226,277,2150,2649],"opportunities":[227,236,2650],"serendipitous":[229,2652],"discoveries.":[230],"Greatly":[231,276],"enhanced":[232],"mobility":[233],"attendant":[235],"geological":[238,2910,2964,3731],"instrument":[241],"deployment.":[242],"Compare":[243,286],"35.7":[245],"km":[246],"traversed":[247,266],"three":[249,1480,1679,2163,2592,2958],"days":[250,1972,2010,2025,2036,2077,2085,2122,2141,3054],"17":[254],"December":[257],"1972":[258,2921,2979],"almost":[261],"identical":[262],"distance":[263],"(34.4":[264],"km)":[265],"Mars":[269,367,374,379,573,660,737,747,1325,1510,1534,1897,2039,2443,2536,2565,3030,3035,3042,3063,3109,3138,3217,3368,3418,3957],"Rover":[271,376,1327],"Opportunity":[272],"eight":[274],"years.":[275],"efficiency":[278,502,640,678,756,796,1040,3426],"sample":[280,283,303,1427,1487,1492,1511,1535,1562,1681,1783,1796,2638,2905,3724],"collection":[281,2639],"return":[284,304,1408,1428,1488,1512,1682,1784,2641,3445],"capacity.":[285],"382":[288,1460],"kg":[289,298,314,1461,1477,1501],"samples":[291,696,1395,1440,1463,1826,1853],"returned":[292,315,1471],"0.32":[297,1476],"Russian":[301],"Lunas":[306,1786],"16,":[307,1685,1787],"20":[308,1788],"24,":[310,1790],"zero":[313],"so":[316,1417,1595,2663],"far":[317,647,1916],"any":[319,1525,1540,1626,2787,3414,3496],"mission":[321,658,1455,2136,2440,2500,2566,3113,3122],"Mars.":[323,1649,1711,2220,3577],"Increased":[324],"potential":[325],"large-scale":[327],"exploratory":[328],"activities":[329],"drilling)":[331],"deployment":[334],"maintenance":[336,358],"complex":[338,3466],"equipment.":[339],"The":[340,363,500,811,865,938,1075,1490,1766,1839,2248,2343,2558,2579,2687,3210,3430,3578,3680,3696,3808,3883],"development":[341,2730,3554],"space-based":[344,348],"infrastructure":[345],"support":[347],"astronomy":[349],"other":[351,1403,1746,1936,2753,2926,3160],"scientific":[352,688,1368,1530,1612,1741,1929,1962,2171,2341,2622,2706,2768,2809,2822,2972,3173,3208,3425],"applications":[353],"construction":[356,2890],"large":[360,1390,1800,2556,3934,4014],"telescopes).":[362],"increasing":[364,2139,3228],"rovers,":[368],"Pathfinder":[370,3031],"(front":[371],"left),":[372],"(left),":[377],"Science":[380,738,2444,3064,3369,3606,3966],"Laboratory":[381,739,2895,3370],"(right).":[382],"This":[383,614,682,998,1376,1749,2015,2061,2097,2181,2221,2367,2981,3331,4055],"(and":[387,733,3324],"cost),":[388],"contrary":[389],"predictions":[391],"improved":[393],"result":[396,3631],"smaller":[398,2335],"robots,":[401,914,987,1361],"mandated":[403],"nature":[406],"martian":[409,599],"surface":[410,2028,2082,2215,2261],"complexity":[412],"objectives.":[415],"would":[418,1446,1604,2782,3607],"even":[420,1287,2575,2714],"larger":[421,648,1820],"expensive,":[424],"but,":[425],"crucially,":[426],"much":[427,685,1118,1596,1819,1910,2472,3165,3257,3265,3308],"capable.":[429,2504],"(NASA/JPL-Caltech)":[430],"With":[431,1650],"exception":[433],"final":[436],"point,":[437],"which":[439,645,707,718,1265,1537,1791,1828,1868,2006,2068,2257,2264,2447,3130,3348,3493,3522,3562,3948],"best":[441],"demonstration":[442,461],"provided":[444],"five":[447,1697],"successful":[448,1675,1698],"shuttle":[450],"servicing":[451],"Hubble":[455],"Telescope":[457],"NRC":[459],"2005),":[460],"benefits":[464],"spaceflight":[467,2709,2723],"must":[471,1630],"sought":[473],"comparison":[476,1179,1520,1629,2062,2093,2510],"relative":[479,501,755,795,869,942,1345,2680],"efficiencies":[480,1257],"Moon":[490,1237,1647,2218,3448],"Mars,":[492,527,1552,2455,3454],"supported":[493],"where":[494,847,1038,2520],"appropriate":[495],"terrestrial":[497],"studies.":[499],"well":[512,625,2646],"recognized":[513],"scientists":[515,790,2806,3471],"directly":[516],"involved":[517],"latter.":[520],"For":[521,2318,3085,3163],"example,":[522],"regarding":[523,3640],"Report":[530],"(paragraph":[531],"70)":[532],"noted:":[533],"\u201cThe":[534],"expert":[535],"evidence":[536],"we":[537,1603,2521,2967,3187,3352,3483],"heard":[539],"strongly":[540],"suggests":[541],"use":[544,2415,3784],"autonomous":[546,1214,3490],"robots":[547,758,854,874,927,947],"alone":[548,1750],"very":[550],"significantly":[551],"limit":[552],"what":[553],"learned":[556],"about":[557,643,1761,1955,2408,2984,3119,3762],"our":[558,589,3476],"nearest":[559],"potentially":[560],"habitable":[561],"planet.\u201d":[562],"Putting":[563],"it":[564,636,1225,1266,1881,1922,2274,2311,2761,3278,3291,3345,3798],"bluntly,":[566],"Steve":[567],"Squyres,":[568],"PI":[570],"Rovers":[575,2041,3044],"(MERs)":[576],"Spirit":[577,2056],"Opportunity,":[579],"written:":[581],"\u201c[t]he":[582],"unfortunate":[583],"truth":[584],"most":[587,834,891,964,1775,1952],"things":[588,1729,3954],"rovers":[590,1692,3152,3192,3253,3317],"do":[592,605,1352,1406,3848],"perfect":[595],"sol":[596],"[i.e.":[597],"day]":[600],"explorer":[603,1044],"could":[604,1137,3188,3533],"less":[607,2862,3409],"minute\u201d":[610],"(Squyres":[611],"p234\u20135).":[613],"course":[617],"only":[618,1096,1616,1970,2300,2491,2511,2607,3050,3280,3990],"qualitative":[620],"assessment,":[621],"albeit":[622],"someone":[624],"placed":[626],"make":[628],"an":[629,1161,2458,2758,3180,3539],"informed":[630],"judgement.":[631],"Nevertheless,":[632,1110],"at":[633,1011,1029,1107,2424,2448,2631,2655,2915,2969,3245,3435,3672],"face":[634],"value":[635,1369],"implies":[637],"human/robot":[639],"ratio":[641,652,2322,2339],"1500,":[644],"likely":[651,1097,2541,3305,3705],"between":[655,1182,1189,1632,2325,2589],"MERs":[666,724,905,978,1202,1298,1706,4003],"(see":[667],"below).":[668],"Even":[669,1424],"this,":[670],"however,":[671],"does":[672,2930],"fairly":[674],"compare":[675,1458,2430,2523,2845,2998],"exploration.":[681,810,2965],"because":[684,1177,1218,1238,1378,3790,3797],"benefit":[689],"consist":[694],"returned,":[697],"drill":[698],"cores":[699],"drilled":[700],"geophysical":[702],"instruments":[703],"deployed,":[704],"Moon,":[714,1994,3396,3572],"but":[715,915,988,1224,1553,2944,3020,3200,3225,3344],"none":[716],"achieved":[721,728,2629],"nor":[725,1435],"capable":[732,2863],"vastly":[734,2502],"expensive)":[736],"(MSL)":[740],"due":[743,1944],"land":[745],"2012.":[749],"More":[750],"objective":[751],"estimates":[752,1304,3017],"humans":[760,872,893,945,966,1190,1271,1355,1372],"geologists":[763],"given":[766,1172,2117,2191,2240],"(2004))":[771],"(2007)).":[776,2208],"(2004)":[778],"results":[781,812,1023],"NASA":[784,1060,3090],"survey":[785],"several":[787],"dozen":[788],"engineers":[792],"capabilities":[801,827,1093,2812],"18":[803],"different":[804,3392],"skill":[805],"sets":[806],"relevant":[807],"are":[813,1095,1272,1414,1430,1578,1622,1730,1780,1909,2178,2298,2346,2568,2588,2625,2642,2695,2702,3124,3185,3239,3450,3458,3989],"table":[816],"1,":[817],"show":[819,1354],"clear":[821,896,969,1268,1924,2308],"balance":[822],"favour":[824,912,985],"(with":[828],"implicit":[830],"recognition":[831],"strategies":[837],"those":[842,1081,1639,2251],"consisting":[843],"human\u2014robotic":[845],"partnerships":[846],"each":[848,2498],"complements":[849],"other).":[851],"Humans":[852,925],"vs":[853,926],"Tabular":[857,930],"summary":[858,931],"skills":[861,934],"after":[862,935,2665],"(2004).":[864,937],"fourth":[866,939],"column":[867,940],"indicates":[868,941],"advantage":[870,881,943,954],"or":[873,946,1299,1865,1888,1935,2219,2259,2574,2713,2791,2987,3826,3947],"sliding":[877,950],"scale":[878,951,2155],"(green:":[879,952],"lies":[882,955],"humans;":[884,957],"red:":[885,958],"robots;":[887,960],"white:":[888,961],"equal).":[889,962],"In":[890,963,2485,2532,2616,3362,3386,3507],"cases":[892,965,3668],"advantage.":[897,970],"Since":[898,971],"2004":[899,972,3047],"extreme":[901,974],"endurance":[902,975],"moved":[907,980],"entry":[909,982],"they":[916,989,1284,1362,1413,3461,3847],"remain":[917,990],"slow":[918,991],"inflexible.":[920,993],"(Courtesy":[921,994],"Jim":[923,996],"Garvin/NASA/Springer)":[924,997],"conclusion":[999],"corroborated":[1001],"direct":[1003],"comparisons":[1005,1341],"sites":[1014,2112,2236,3393],"Earth.":[1016],"(2007))":[1020],"reported":[1021,2203],"one":[1025,1139,1410,1917,2319,2608,3347],"such":[1026,1196,1295,1627,2441,3302,3538,3619,3942,3944],"study,":[1027],"conducted":[1028,1181,3940],"Haughton":[1031],"impact":[1032],"crater":[1033],"Canadian":[1036],"Arctic,":[1037],"(suitably":[1045],"encumbered":[1046],"spacesuit)":[1049],"was":[1050,1077,1114,1180,2007,2053,2161,2490,2501,2762,2789,2953,3427,3769,3830,3871,3927,3961],"tele-operated":[1056,1690],"rover":[1057,1076,3139,3271],"(controlled":[1058],"Ames":[1061],"Research":[1062],"Centre":[1063],"California)":[1065],"performance":[1068],"range":[1071,3467,3589],"tasks.":[1074],"sophisticated":[1079,2673],"employed":[1082,1228],"present-day":[1084],"included":[1088,2954,3737,3872,4004],"simulation":[1089],"artificial":[1091],"intelligence":[1092],"incorporated":[1100,2814],"actual":[1102],"2015":[1106],"earliest.":[1109],"space-suited":[1112],"\u201castronaut\u201d":[1113],"found":[1115],"performing":[1122,2599],"tasks":[1124,1351,2601],"rover,":[1127],"(2007":[1132],"p438)":[1133],"concluded":[1134],"\u201chumans":[1136],"two":[1141,1275,1303,1689,1705,2590,2610,3041,3131,3151],"orders":[1142,1276,2164,2593,2611],"magnitude":[1144,1164,1278,2166,2595,2613],"productive":[1146,1776,2675],"per":[1147,2125,2173,2211,3401],"unit":[1148],"time":[1149,1346,1975,1987,2245,3290,3328,3869],"future":[1153,1508,2528,3437],"terrestrially":[1154],"controlled":[1155],"robots\u201d.":[1156],"Although":[1157,2273],"estimate":[1159,1169,2190,2391],"order":[1162,2773],"lower":[1165,2576],"Squyres\u2019":[1167,2187],"off-the-cuff":[1168],"1500":[1171],"above,":[1173,1586,2192,3060,3423],"mainly":[1176,2961],"tele-robotic":[1185],"exploration,":[1186,1263,1601,2288,2519,2537],"rather":[1187,2369,2766],"supervised":[1192],"quasi-autonomous":[1193],"carried":[1198],"out":[1199,1557,2315],"MSL.":[1204,2474],"Tele-robotic":[1205],"known":[1208],"operation,":[1216],"precisely":[1217],"real-time":[1219],"interaction":[1221],"involved,":[1223],"cannot":[1226],"effectively":[1229],"distant":[1234],"inevitable":[1241],"communications":[1242],"delay":[1243],"(Lester":[1244],"Thronson":[1246],"(2004,":[1249],"see":[1250,1607],"his":[1251],"figure":[1252,1654,1956,2066,2255,2917,3127,4006],"2)":[1253],"robotic,":[1259],"tele-robotic,":[1260],"\u201cone":[1273],"efficient\u201d":[1280],"tele-robots":[1282],"then":[1283,1602,3842],"when":[1290,1573,2133,2401,3764],"MSL,":[1300,2446,2496],"bringing":[1301],"into":[1305,1919,2815,3261],"better":[1306],"agreement.":[1307],"Cumulative":[1308],"refereed":[1311,1661,3701],"publications":[1312,1633,1662,1812,1892,2074,2107,2210,2231,3714,3810,3888,3901],"ADS":[1315,3694,3740,3756,3787,3982,4025],"database":[1316,3803],"Apollo,":[1319,1473,2573,3721],"Luna":[1320,1486,1680,1815,3884],"16/20/24,":[1321],"Lunokhod,":[1322,1864],"Surveyor,":[1323],"missions.":[1328,1489,1838,3009,3854],"See":[1329],"\u201cBibliometric":[1330],"search":[1331,1720,3022,3925,3983],"details\u201d":[1332],"page":[1334,1726],"2.26":[1335],"information.":[1338],"Moreover,":[1339],"while":[1340,2330,2605,2691],"based":[1342,1634,1640,1848,1965],"taken":[1347,2277],"perform":[1349],"certain":[1350],"indeed":[1353,3849],"nevertheless":[1363,2333],"grossly":[1364],"underestimate":[1365,3709],"added":[1367,2949],"having":[1371,2270,3268],"come":[1382,1420,2838],"back":[1383,1396,1421,1483],"Earth,":[1385],"therefore":[1388,2266,2703],"bring":[1389],"quantities":[1391],"intelligently":[1393],"collected":[1394,1854],"them.":[1398,1423,3262],"Robotic":[1399],"explorers,":[1400],"hand,":[1404],"generally":[1405,1502,2276],"reason":[1411,1804,3234],"why":[1412,1805],"nothing":[1418],"implemented,":[1431],"neither":[1432],"quantity":[1434,1566,1821],"diversity":[1437,1823],"these":[1439,3075,3416,3457,3707,3717,3894,3975],"high":[1444],"achievable":[1448],"context":[1451,1506,1835,2516,2534],"again":[1457,2756],"(collected":[1464,1478],"2000":[1468],"discrete":[1469],"locations)":[1470,1481],"brought":[1482],"haul":[1493],"might":[1494],"also":[1495],"=0.5":[1500],"considered":[1503,2268],"ISAG":[1515],"Note":[1517,1980,2152,3175],"intended":[1523],"way":[1526,1754,2676,3311,3505],"downplay":[1528],"importance":[1531,1794],"return,":[1536],"case":[1541],"essential":[1543],"before":[1544,2144],"responsibly":[1548],"sent":[1550,1579,3451],"merely":[1554],"step":[1559],"change":[1560],"availability":[1563],"(both":[1564],"diversity)":[1568],"may":[1570,2016,2332],"expected":[1572],"planet.":[1582],"If,":[1583],"argued":[1585],"really":[1593],"scientifically":[1594],"expect":[1605],"reflected":[1609],"literature.":[1613],"date":[1621,2118,2241,3438],"bibliometric":[1628,3681,3802,4053],"data":[1637,1850,1904],"various":[1642,3024,3953],"mind,":[1653,1950],"2":[1655,1957,2256,3686],"shows":[1656,2069],"cumulative":[1658,1986,2003,2071,2104,2130,2228],"recorded":[1663],"SAO/NASA":[1666,3693],"Astrophysics":[1667,4059],"Data":[1668,4060],"System":[1669],"(ADS)":[1670],"resulting":[1671,3715],"six":[1674,2478,3391],"landings,":[1677],"(Lunas":[1684,1693],"20,":[1686],"24),":[1687],"Lunokhod":[1691,3887],"17,":[1694],"21),":[1695],"Surveyor":[1699,1866,3857,3881],"lunar":[1700,1782,1978,2518,2530,2904],"soft":[1701],"landers,":[1702],"(Spirit":[1707],"Opportunity)":[1709],"Those":[1712],"interested":[1713],"find":[1715],"details":[1717],"parameters":[1721],"box":[1724],"2.26.":[1727],"Several":[1728],"immediately":[1731],"apparent.":[1732],"Most":[1733],"obvious":[1734,2643],"sheer":[1737],"volume":[1738,1927],"Apollo's":[1740],"legacy":[1742,1963,2823],"illustrated.":[1748],"goes":[1751],"long":[1753],"vindicate":[1756],"points":[1758,3132],"made":[1759,2314,2414,3783,3962],"above":[1760],"versus":[1763],"efficiency.":[1765],"second":[1767],"note":[1770,1843],"next":[1774],"set":[1777,3923],"highlights":[1792],"return.":[1797],"Indeed,":[1798,1880],"part":[1801],"resulted":[1808,2818],"many":[1810,3667],"greater":[1832],"third":[1840],"that,":[1845],"despite":[1846,1900],"being":[1847,2606,2827],"obtained":[1851,3662,3671,3690],"ago,":[1859],"unlike":[1861],"Luna,":[1863],"publications,":[1867],"clearly":[1870],"levelled":[1871],"off,":[1872],"publication":[1875,3969],"rate":[1876,1893],"still":[1878,2826],"rising.":[1879],"actually":[1883,3408],"rising":[1884],"fast":[1886],"as,":[1887],"faster":[1889],"than,":[1890],"derived":[1894,1905],"Rovers,":[1899],"fact":[1902,2050,2688],"latter":[1908],"recent.":[1912],"No":[1913],"matter":[1914,3255],"how":[1915,3164,3256],"extrapolates":[1918],"future,":[1921],"activity":[1930],"generated":[1931],"MERs,":[1934],"never":[1941],"approach":[1942],"Apollo.":[1946,2865],"However,":[1947,2475],"my":[1949],"staggering":[1953],"thing":[1954],"enormous":[1961],"total":[1968,1973,1985,2021,2358,2560,2971,2991,3711,3995],"12.5":[1971,2084],"contact":[1974,2052],"surface.":[1979],"including":[1995,2832,2873,3154,3635],"down-time":[1996],"Lunar":[1999,2880,2893,2940,3750,3767],"Module,":[2000],"EVA":[2004],"time,":[2005],"just":[2008,3537],"3.4":[2009],"(Orloff":[2011],"Harland":[2013,2386],"2006).":[2014,2387],"436":[2023],"active":[2024],"Lunokhods":[2031],"(Wilson":[2032],"1987)":[2033],"5162":[2035],"(to":[2042,2392],"end":[2044],"2011,":[2046],"allowing":[2047],"lost":[2054],"22":[2058],"March":[2059],"2010).":[2060],"illustrated":[2064],"3,":[2067],"divided":[2075],"fieldwork":[2079,2124,2143,2176,2201],"(adopting":[2083],"allow":[2089],"fair":[2092],"rovers).":[2096],"same":[2100,2185,2224],"dividing":[2102,2226],"studied":[2113,2869],"up":[2114,3760],"average":[2121,2244],"site.":[2126],"Dips":[2127],"curves":[2131],"occur":[2132],"new":[2135,3633],"arrives,":[2137],"instantaneously":[2138],"fed":[2147],"through":[2148,3742],"publications.":[2151,3702],"logarithmic":[2154],"metric,":[2159],"producing":[2170],"papers":[2172,3816,3834,3858,3937,3976,3988,3998,4018],"day":[2174,2212,3285],"MERs.":[2180],"essentially":[2183,2698],"(2005))":[2188],"intuitive":[2189],"consistent":[2195],"quantitative":[2199],"tests":[2202],"Refereed":[2209],"exploring":[2213],"visited":[2237,2477,3390],"spent":[2246],"there.":[2247],"plot":[2249],"covers":[2250],"plotted":[2253],"had,":[2258],"have,":[2260],"mobility,":[2262],"performed":[2271,2790],"\u201cfieldwork\u201d.":[2272],"granted":[2279],"expensive":[2285,2545,2664,3161,3323],"certainly":[2292],"aggregate":[2296],"costs":[2297,2324,2561,2681,2701,3002,3123,3135,3184],"ones":[2301],"considered,":[2302],"situation":[2304],"cut":[2309],"sometimes":[2313,3012],"be.":[2317],"thing,":[2320],"large,":[2331,3240],"corresponding":[2338],"productivity.":[2342],"instructive":[2347,2996],"respect.":[2350],"Wilhelms":[2351],"(1993)":[2352],"Beattie":[2354,2866,2929],"(2001)":[2355,2867],"estimated":[2356,2459,2559,3105],"$25bn":[2363,2779],"\u201cin":[2364],"1960s":[2365],"money\u201d.":[2366],"Congressional":[2373],"appropriations":[2374],"($19.4bn":[2377],"1961":[2379],"1973;":[2381],"tabulated":[2382],"Orloff":[2384],"Taking":[2388],"higher":[2390,2924],"conservative)":[2394],"taking":[2396],"\u201c1960s\u201d":[2397],"1966":[2400],"expenditure":[2403,2777],"peaked,":[2404],"corresponds":[2406,2982],"$175bn":[2409],"today":[2410],"(where":[2411,3867],"US":[2418,2775,3069],"Bureau":[2419,3070],"Statistics":[2421,3072],"Inflation":[2422,3073],"Calculator":[2423],").":[2425],"It":[2426,2505,2841,2994,3010,3703],"interesting":[2428,2843],"modern":[2437],"state-of-the-art":[2438],"Laboratory.":[2445,3065],"writing":[2450],"en":[2452],"route":[2453],"$2.5bn":[2460,3061,3081],"(Leone":[2461],"Thus,":[2463,2738],"real":[2465,2549,3363],"terms,":[2466,2550,3364],"70":[2469],"times":[2470,2493],"sites,":[2479],"whereas":[2480],"MSL":[2481],"visit":[2483],"one.":[2484],"terms":[2486],"cost-per-site":[2488],"12":[2492],"dearer":[2494],"yet":[2497],"strictly":[2512,2848],"holds":[2513],"hypothetical":[2527],"MSL-like":[2529],"rover.":[2531],"seem":[2540,2662],"although":[2551],"factor.":[2557],"some":[2563,3004,3340,3436,3723],"architectures":[2567],"comparable":[2569],"(Turner":[2577],"2004).":[2578],"main":[2580],"expensive.":[2615],"addition,":[2617],"accomplish":[2621],"objectives":[2623,2810],"unlikely":[2626],"robotically":[2630],"(deep":[2633],"drilling":[2634],"properly":[2636],"representative":[2637],"examples,":[2644],"discoveries).":[2653],"Looked":[2654],"way,":[2657]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}