{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147273235","doi":null,"title":"The Disproportionality of Students Designated Limited English Proficient in High Incidence Disability Categories","display_name":"The Disproportionality of Students Designated Limited English Proficient in High Incidence Disability Categories","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147273235","mag":"2147273235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3315178","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3315178","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3315178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089053530","display_name":"Chandra Keller-Allen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandra Keller-Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089053530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.34380000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14017","display_name":"Legal Issues in Education","score":0.34380000829696655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.22609999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10265","display_name":"Multilingual Education and Policy","score":0.15870000422000885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limited-english-proficient-students","display_name":"limited English proficient students","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-minority-students","display_name":"language minority students","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disproportionality","display_name":"disproportionality","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"special education","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-disabilities","display_name":"learning disabilities","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-disturbance","display_name":"emotional disturbance","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-district-size","display_name":"school district size","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideas","display_name":"ideas","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-competence","display_name":"cultural competence","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-preparation","display_name":"teacher preparation","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-to-intervention","display_name":"Response to Intervention","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-behavior-support","display_name":"positive behavior support","score":0.984000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49689939618110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.44785434007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3615998327732086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3542552590370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2980780005455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pqdtoai.proquest.com:3315178","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3315178","pdf_url":"http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3315178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064308","display_name":"ProQuest Demo Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2147273235","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gradworks.umi.com/3315178.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":111,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28067076","https://openalex.org/W132177439","https://openalex.org/W182137478","https://openalex.org/W185540131","https://openalex.org/W204314314","https://openalex.org/W241908316","https://openalex.org/W350649708","https://openalex.org/W606600068","https://openalex.org/W612142540","https://openalex.org/W628278480","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1502450579","https://openalex.org/W1507272425","https://openalex.org/W1559344822","https://openalex.org/W1578620366","https://openalex.org/W1605976614","https://openalex.org/W1641288817","https://openalex.org/W1752979432","https://openalex.org/W1772539978","https://openalex.org/W1817488541","https://openalex.org/W1828840769","https://openalex.org/W1834508450","https://openalex.org/W1942700395","https://openalex.org/W1954402484","https://openalex.org/W1963581388","https://openalex.org/W1968398250","https://openalex.org/W1976607224","https://openalex.org/W1976912426","https://openalex.org/W1985124437","https://openalex.org/W1985163466","https://openalex.org/W1991534920","https://openalex.org/W1992332433","https://openalex.org/W1994071365","https://openalex.org/W1995229119","https://openalex.org/W1996605437","https://openalex.org/W1998769453","https://openalex.org/W2002977096","https://openalex.org/W2004381350","https://openalex.org/W2006017717","https://openalex.org/W2010379505","https://openalex.org/W2021157506","https://openalex.org/W2023344103","https://openalex.org/W2026455074","https://openalex.org/W2027568733","https://openalex.org/W2030653458","https://openalex.org/W2032856048","https://openalex.org/W2032864645","https://openalex.org/W2034103420","https://openalex.org/W2034160393","https://openalex.org/W2039806011","https://openalex.org/W2041664860","https://openalex.org/W2048145790","https://openalex.org/W2051685180","https://openalex.org/W2056845994","https://openalex.org/W2056957848","https://openalex.org/W2058055588","https://openalex.org/W2059440986","https://openalex.org/W2077010319","https://openalex.org/W2078495574","https://openalex.org/W2093888721","https://openalex.org/W2094056767","https://openalex.org/W2094350307","https://openalex.org/W2096722389","https://openalex.org/W2098388399","https://openalex.org/W2099759193","https://openalex.org/W2105307780","https://openalex.org/W2107753673","https://openalex.org/W2110178867","https://openalex.org/W2114045048","https://openalex.org/W2114098652","https://openalex.org/W2114195930","https://openalex.org/W2114872633","https://openalex.org/W2115376335","https://openalex.org/W2116668395","https://openalex.org/W2119992253","https://openalex.org/W2125858346","https://openalex.org/W2127980603","https://openalex.org/W2129838307","https://openalex.org/W2129899786","https://openalex.org/W2134232923","https://openalex.org/W2137524155","https://openalex.org/W2139259661","https://openalex.org/W2144037600","https://openalex.org/W2147104137","https://openalex.org/W2149894453","https://openalex.org/W2149895387","https://openalex.org/W2152872241","https://openalex.org/W2155355469","https://openalex.org/W2155549809","https://openalex.org/W2156148499","https://openalex.org/W2157181592","https://openalex.org/W2158376277","https://openalex.org/W2159179629","https://openalex.org/W2159628920","https://openalex.org/W2160363446","https://openalex.org/W2166007594","https://openalex.org/W2170034896","https://openalex.org/W2170503829","https://openalex.org/W2172153988","https://openalex.org/W2247237384","https://openalex.org/W2314269842","https://openalex.org/W2325404630","https://openalex.org/W2494577418","https://openalex.org/W2609736097","https://openalex.org/W2791029399","https://openalex.org/W2791105386","https://openalex.org/W2895926293","https://openalex.org/W2996229241","https://openalex.org/W3000074734","https://openalex.org/W3119719738","https://openalex.org/W3217756791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765503647","https://openalex.org/W7098646976","https://openalex.org/W7097540419","https://openalex.org/W2939760313","https://openalex.org/W7056233923","https://openalex.org/W2365165990","https://openalex.org/W1847988834","https://openalex.org/W2134026182","https://openalex.org/W6907514030","https://openalex.org/W2003760300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"used":[2,146],"the":[3,24,33,101,117,139,327],"2004":[4],"U.S.":[5],"Department":[6],"of":[7,15,20,26,35,75,103,138,192,202,220,287,329],"Education,":[8],"Office":[9],"for":[10,125,237,242,262,267,292],"Civil":[11],"Rights":[12],"Data":[13],"Collection":[14],"a":[16,53,62,177,308,321],"nationally":[17],"representative":[18],"sample":[19],"districts":[21,160,193,226,245,253,272],"to":[22,128,147,306,331,340],"investigate":[23],"disproportionality":[25,74,102],"limited":[27],"English":[28],"proficient":[29],"(LEP)":[30],"students":[31,115,132,204,211,232,239,257,264,289],"in":[32,51,58,136,153,180,205,215,217],"categories":[34],"learning":[36],"disabilities":[37],"(LD),":[38],"mental":[39],"retardation":[40],"(MR),":[41],"and":[42,77,120,168,172,186,197,207,269,295,316,319,325,333],"emotional":[43],"disturbance":[44],"(ED).":[45],"The":[46,73],"term":[47],"\"disproportionality\"":[48],"describes":[49],"circumstances":[50],"which":[52],"minority":[54],"group":[55,69],"is":[56,98],"represented":[57,135],"special":[59],"education":[60],"at":[61],"greater":[63,285],"or":[64,229,248,275],"lesser":[65],"rate":[66],"than":[67,244,271,297],"non-minority":[68],"members":[70],"(Williams,":[71],"2007).":[72],"racial":[76],"ethnic":[78],"minorities":[79,105],"has":[80],"been":[81],"well":[82],"documented":[83],"(Donovan":[84],"&":[85,93,107],"Cross,":[86],"2002;":[87],"Heller":[88],"et":[89],"al.,":[90],"1982;":[91],"Losen":[92],"Orfield,":[94],"2002)":[95],"yet":[96],"little":[97],"known":[99],"about":[100],"linguistic":[104],"(Klingner":[106],"Artiles,":[108],"2003).":[109],"Relative":[110],"risk":[111,156,236,261,286],"ratios,":[112],"using":[113],"non-LEP":[114],"as":[116,338],"comparison":[118],"group,":[119],"confidence":[121],"intervals":[122],"were":[123,145],"constructed":[124],"each":[126,137],"district":[127],"determine":[129,148],"if":[130,149],"LEP":[131,165,181,203,210,231,238,250,256,263,277,288,342],"are":[133,212],"disproportionately":[134],"three":[140],"disability":[141],"categories.":[142],"Planned":[143,222],"comparisons":[144,223],"significant":[150,195,200],"differences":[151],"exist":[152],"mean":[154],"relative":[155],"ratios":[157],"between":[158,184],"(a)":[159,225],"with":[161,227,246,254,273],"smaller":[162],"versus":[163],"larger":[164],"student":[166,182,343],"populations":[167],"(b)":[169,252],"elementary":[170,298],"schools":[171,282],"secondary":[173,281],"schools.":[174,299],"Findings":[175],"indicate":[176,224],"distinct":[178],"difference":[179],"representation":[183],"academically":[185],"behaviorally":[187],"based":[188],"disabilities.":[189],"Approximately":[190],"one-third":[191,198],"have":[194,199,233,258,283],"overrepresentation":[196],"underrepresentation":[201],"LD":[206,243,268],"MR,":[208,294],"whereas":[209],"significantly":[213,234,259,284],"underrepresented":[214],"ED":[216,296],"over":[218],"three-fourths":[219],"districts.":[221],"99":[228],"fewer":[230],"higher":[235,260],"being":[240,265,290],"identified":[241,266,291],"100":[247],"more":[249,276],"students;":[251,278],"100-999":[255],"MR":[270],"1,000":[274],"and,":[279],"(c)":[280],"LD,":[293],"Recommendations":[300],"include":[301],"redesigning":[302],"teacher":[303],"preparation":[304],"programs":[305],"incorporate":[307],"sustained":[309],"focus":[310],"on":[311],"cultural":[312],"competence,":[313],"amending":[314],"IDEA":[315],"NCLB,":[317],"establishing":[318],"supporting":[320],"prioritized":[322],"research":[323],"agenda,":[324],"investigating":[326],"efficacy":[328],"response":[330],"intervention":[332],"positive":[334],"behavior":[335],"support":[336],"systems":[337],"ways":[339],"mitigate":[341],"disproportionality.":[344]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
