{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147176157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pac.1989.72844","title":"A radiation hard dipole magnet coils using aluminum clad copper conductors","display_name":"A radiation hard dipole magnet coils using aluminum clad copper conductors","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147176157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pac.1989.72844","mag":"2147176157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pac.1989.72844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pac.1989.72844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pac.1989.72844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523613","display_name":"Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, . 'Accelerator Science and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099921/m2/1/high_res_d/5995133.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007096540","display_name":"William Leonhardt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867387847","display_name":"Associated Universities, Inc.","ror":"https://ror.org/03vbz5k97","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I867387847"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W.J. Leonhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["AGS Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Associated Universities, Inc., Upton, NY, USA","Brookhaven National Laboratories, Upton, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AGS Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Associated Universities, Inc., Upton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I867387847"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brookhaven National Laboratories, Upton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007096540"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I867387847"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"366","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-hardening","display_name":"radiation hardening","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-magnets","display_name":"dipole magnets","score":0.8410000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.7532618045806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34800285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159395","display_name":"Conductor","level":2,"score":0.7263447046279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.7119740843772888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.6841648817062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.608086884021759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.6038553714752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166595027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143983","display_name":"Epoxy","level":2,"score":0.498004674911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182213014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227285","display_name":"Dipole magnet","level":4,"score":0.4641972780227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.453548789024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162175671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749263","display_name":"Electrical equipment","level":2,"score":0.451163113117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988571348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2811078","display_name":"Copper wire","level":3,"score":0.45080915093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.41881924867630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4175402820110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513153333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663","display_name":"Aluminium","level":2,"score":0.41108179092407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.40031611919403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3816376328468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34431642293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172108966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120120","display_name":"Superconducting magnet","level":3,"score":0.24514272809028625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.20624318718910217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18750518560409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14642265439033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pac.1989.72844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pac.1989.72844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pac.1989.72844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523613","display_name":"Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1989 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, . 'Accelerator Science and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc1099921","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099921/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099921/m2/1/high_res_d/5995133.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"13. particle accelerator conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 20 Mar 1989","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:5995133","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5995133","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5995133","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3157977823","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989pac..conf..366L/abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521877","display_name":"pac","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"pac","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc1099921","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099921/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1099921/m2/1/high_res_d/5995133.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"13. particle accelerator conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 20 Mar 1989","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2147176157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2147176157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127006011","https://openalex.org/W2504859209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127006011","https://openalex.org/W2158630106","https://openalex.org/W1984201783","https://openalex.org/W2016262352","https://openalex.org/W2241919608","https://openalex.org/W1997386073","https://openalex.org/W2092461699","https://openalex.org/W2153981250","https://openalex.org/W7096065387","https://openalex.org/W2268551202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"C-type":[1],"septum":[2],"dipole":[3,105],"magnet":[4,30],"is":[5,47,50,68],"located":[6],"600":[7],"mm":[8],"downstream":[9],"of":[10,19,24,82,102],"the":[11,20,29,54,72,76,99],"primary":[12],"target":[13],"in":[14,33,88],"an":[15],"external":[16],"beam":[17],"line":[18],"AGS.":[21],"Conventional":[22],"use":[23],"fiberglass/epoxy":[25],"electrical":[26,73],"insulation":[27,45],"for":[28],"coils":[31],"results":[32],"their":[34],"failure":[35],"after":[36],"a":[37,43,59,63,79,103],"relatively":[38],"short":[39],"running":[40],"period;":[41],"therefore,":[42],"radiation-hard":[44],"system":[46],"required.":[48],"This":[49],"accomplished":[51],"by":[52],"replacing":[53],"existing":[55],"copper":[56,60,77],"conductor":[57,61],"with":[58],"having":[62],"thin":[64],"aluminum":[65],"skin":[66],"which":[67],"anodized":[69],"to":[70],"provide":[71],"insulation.":[74],"Since":[75],"supports":[78],"current":[80],"density":[81],"59":[83],"A/mm/sup":[84],"2/,":[85],"no":[86],"reduction":[87],"cross-sectional":[89],"area":[90],"can":[91],"be":[92],"tolerated.":[93],"Design":[94],"considerations,":[95],"manufacturing":[96],"techniques,":[97],"and":[98],"operating":[100],"experience":[101],"prototype":[104],"are":[106],"presented.>":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}