{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2147010608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474651409346767","title":"Metformin treatment for gestational diabetes","display_name":"Metformin treatment for gestational diabetes","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2147010608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474651409346767","mag":"2147010608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/1474651409346767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474651409346767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474651409346767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163587207","display_name":"The British Journal of Diabetes","issn_l":"1474-6514","issn":["1474-6514","1753-4305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British Journal of Diabetes &amp; Vascular Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113434735","display_name":"Steve L. Hyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802106218","display_name":"St Helier Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019hb9542","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218","https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve L Hyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005080454","display_name":"Jyoti Balani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-2010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-2010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802106218","display_name":"St Helier Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019hb9542","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218","https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyoti Balani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113828336","display_name":"Antoinette Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802106218","display_name":"St Helier Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019hb9542","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218","https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802518537","display_name":"Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkqe770","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoinette Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal Medicine, Epsom & St Helier Hospital University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal Medicine, Epsom & St Helier Hospital University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218","https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073744040","display_name":"Hassan A. Shehata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-8391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-8391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802106218","display_name":"St Helier Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/019hb9542","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218","https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802518537","display_name":"Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkqe770","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Shehata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Maternal Medicine, Epsom & St Helier Hospital University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, UK,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Maternal Medicine, Epsom & St Helier Hospital University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802106218","https://openalex.org/I2802518537"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84897291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"220","last_page":"225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10673","display_name":"Gestational Diabetes Research and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11964","display_name":"Pregnancy and Medication Impact","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin","display_name":"metformin","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"gestational diabetes mellitus","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perinatal-outcomes","display_name":"perinatal outcomes","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrosomia","display_name":"macrosomia","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoulder-dystocia","display_name":"shoulder dystocia","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offspring-obesity","display_name":"offspring obesity","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes-risk","display_name":"type 2 diabetes risk","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-safety-in-pregnancy","display_name":"drug safety in pregnancy","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9423459768295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484","display_name":"Metformin","level":3,"score":0.8202698826789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.781113862991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.637479841709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.601276695728302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.592513918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5898462533950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5641636848449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5363271236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.5080959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.5006980895996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47420743107795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3013807535171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.27384209632873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.05380472540855408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/1474651409346767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474651409346767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1474651409346767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163587207","display_name":"The British Journal of Diabetes","issn_l":"1474-6514","issn":["1474-6514","1753-4305"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British Journal of Diabetes &amp; Vascular Disease","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974989918","https://openalex.org/W1985141616","https://openalex.org/W2003621575","https://openalex.org/W2004214323","https://openalex.org/W2014550738","https://openalex.org/W2014583280","https://openalex.org/W2017136862","https://openalex.org/W2019121716","https://openalex.org/W2022161035","https://openalex.org/W2029110614","https://openalex.org/W2046948430","https://openalex.org/W2064427669","https://openalex.org/W2066807346","https://openalex.org/W2074307717","https://openalex.org/W2097617267","https://openalex.org/W2104952414","https://openalex.org/W2110651221","https://openalex.org/W2117486744","https://openalex.org/W2124760769","https://openalex.org/W2141428775","https://openalex.org/W2160827694","https://openalex.org/W2315491743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885845854","https://openalex.org/W6948759550","https://openalex.org/W2566082736","https://openalex.org/W7220171105","https://openalex.org/W4220829100","https://openalex.org/W2335652419","https://openalex.org/W3003279290","https://openalex.org/W3197976531","https://openalex.org/W2586201224","https://openalex.org/W64388812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,45,52,91,108],"gestational":[3],"diabetes":[4],"mellitus":[5],"(GDM)":[6],"is":[7,19,23,59,101,133],"rising":[8],"as":[9,30],"the":[10,36,43,89,147],"pregnant":[11],"population":[12],"becomes":[13],"older":[14],"and":[15,32,35,54,76,93,112,135,145],"more":[16],"obese.":[17],"This":[18],"concerning":[20],"because":[21],"GDM":[22,46,66,144],"associated":[24],"with":[25,65,141],"increased":[26,49],"perinatal":[27],"morbidity":[28],"such":[29],"macrosomia":[31],"shoulder":[33],"dystocia,":[34],"need":[37],"for":[38,110],"instrumental":[39],"delivery.":[40],"In":[41],"addition,":[42],"offspring":[44],"women":[47,64],"have":[48],"long-term":[50],"risks":[51],"obesity":[53],"type":[55],"2":[56],"diabetes.":[57],"There":[58,100],"no":[60],"doubt":[61],"that":[62],"treating":[63],"improves":[67],"pregnancy":[68],"outcomes.":[69],"Conventionally":[70],"this":[71],"has":[72],"been":[73],"by":[74,98,124],"diet":[75],"insulin.":[77],"Although":[78],"effective,":[79],"insulin":[80,121,126],"increases":[81,88],"appetite":[82],"leading":[83],"to":[84,95,120],"weight":[85],"gain.":[86],"It":[87],"risk":[90],"hypoglycaemia":[92],"needs":[94],"be":[96],"given":[97],"injection.":[99],"also":[102],"a":[103,117],"substantial":[104],"cost":[105],"in":[106,122,143],"terms":[107],"time":[109],"teaching":[111],"educating":[113],"patients.":[114],"Metformin":[115],"offers":[116],"logical":[118],"alternative":[119],"GDM,":[123],"reducing":[125],"resistance.":[127],"Recent":[128],"trial":[129],"evidence":[130],"indicates":[131],"it":[132],"safe":[134],"effective.":[136],"We":[137],"describe":[138],"our":[139],"experience":[140],"metformin":[142],"review":[146],"evidence.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
