{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146652920","doi":null,"title":"The Impact of Automated Cognitive Assistants on Situational Awareness in the Brigade Combat Team.","display_name":"The Impact of Automated Cognitive Assistants on Situational Awareness in the Brigade Combat Team.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146652920","mag":"2146652920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.997.7734","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.997.7734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/6475/Fischer_ku_0099D_10760_DATA_1.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D58D746A9701E857C6DCCD764D0FE29EF?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036137536","display_name":"Carl Edward Fischer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl Edward Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036137536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.6000999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.3953000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-awareness","display_name":"situational awareness","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brigade-combat-team","display_name":"brigade combat teams","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-decision-making","display_name":"military decision-making","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support","display_name":"decision support","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"cognitive load","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-officers","display_name":"military officers","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-ai","display_name":"trust in AI","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.8184675574302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.6275210976600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5194599032402039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5141696929931641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.45895370841026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3387104272842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1673378050327301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.05648142099380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.997.7734","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.997.7734","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/6475/Fischer_ku_0099D_10760_DATA_1.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3D58D746A9701E857C6DCCD764D0FE29EF?sequence%3D1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/6475","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1808/6475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400421","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2146652920","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6475/1/Fischer_ku_0099D_10760_DATA_1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306478302","display_name":"ProQuest LLC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ProQuest LLC eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25143944","https://openalex.org/W30153120","https://openalex.org/W60903302","https://openalex.org/W119656196","https://openalex.org/W137871055","https://openalex.org/W161056135","https://openalex.org/W172731212","https://openalex.org/W296755813","https://openalex.org/W306683163","https://openalex.org/W604758188","https://openalex.org/W1483155202","https://openalex.org/W1504111536","https://openalex.org/W1510428033","https://openalex.org/W1513895387","https://openalex.org/W1570321471","https://openalex.org/W1593177376","https://openalex.org/W1601500649","https://openalex.org/W1607086893","https://openalex.org/W1622896514","https://openalex.org/W1778685146","https://openalex.org/W1967972604","https://openalex.org/W1984314602","https://openalex.org/W1999727807","https://openalex.org/W2033333032","https://openalex.org/W2046682842","https://openalex.org/W2058852928","https://openalex.org/W2069757512","https://openalex.org/W2078393978","https://openalex.org/W2086217951","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2116343313","https://openalex.org/W2130736456","https://openalex.org/W2130766754","https://openalex.org/W2137576942","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2148185569","https://openalex.org/W2156841043","https://openalex.org/W2164599981","https://openalex.org/W2232925767","https://openalex.org/W2798913119","https://openalex.org/W2801413602","https://openalex.org/W2889767056","https://openalex.org/W2895518762","https://openalex.org/W3146115948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095372016","https://openalex.org/W4250639439","https://openalex.org/W2119948216","https://openalex.org/W1534139848","https://openalex.org/W289768334","https://openalex.org/W2761028710","https://openalex.org/W7098328566","https://openalex.org/W3157550257","https://openalex.org/W7036505992","https://openalex.org/W2324547607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,53,82,107,464],"research":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,10,26,46,50,55,76,103,115,122,165,214,244,248,282,294,302,319,341,416,425,485],"impact":[4],"of":[5,22,49,80,128,140,196,213,222,230,253,298,349,368,406,430,467,475,487,494],"automated":[6,67,418,488],"cognitive":[7,68,72,166,419,489],"assistants,":[8],"specifically,":[9],"Personalized":[11],"Assistant":[12],"that":[13,66,88,90,415,440,496],"Learns":[14],"(PAL),":[15],"on":[16,102,135,164,240,251,293,491],"situational":[17,136,197,241,254,299,426],"awareness,":[18,137],"efficiency":[19,77,429],"and":[20,74,78,121,168,178,189,211,217,220,237,267,308,386,408,428,454,501],"effectiveness":[21,79],"decision":[23,43,98,123,209,295,350,435,461],"making":[24,44,351,462],"in":[25,111,118,176,183,301,370,423,433,460],"brigade":[27,153],"combat":[28,154],"team.":[29],"PAL":[30,177,236,260,307,345,353,372,390,407,417,453,468],"was":[31,162,232,289,469],"recently":[32],"commissioned":[33],"by":[34],"Defense":[35],"Advanced":[36],"Research":[37],"Projects":[38],"Agency":[39],"(DARPA)":[40],"to":[41,58,94,100,173,234,447,483],"enhance":[42],"with":[45,85,186,192,259,281,471],"Command":[47],"Post":[48],"Future":[51],"(CPOF).":[52],"is":[54,83,108,117],"first":[56,320],"study":[57,466],"investigate":[59,132,484],"PAL's":[60],"effectiveness.":[61],"Previous":[62],"literature":[63],"has":[64,421],"indicated":[65],"assistants":[69,167],"can":[70],"reduce":[71],"load":[73],"improve":[75],"decision-making.":[81],"consistent":[84],"constructivist":[86],"theories":[87],"assume":[89],"relegating":[91],"repetitive":[92],"tasks":[93],"an":[95,492],"assistant":[96,420,490],"allows":[97],"makers":[99,124],"focus":[101],"most":[104],"critical":[105],"issues.":[106],"particularly":[109],"true":[110],"those":[112],"conditions":[113,500],"where":[114],"environment":[116],"continuous":[119],"flux":[120],"must":[125],"remain":[126],"cognizant":[127],"changing":[129],"situations.":[130],"To":[131],"PAL'S":[133],"influence":[134,497],"two":[138,150],"groups":[139,151],"military":[141,431,442,477],"officers":[142,443],"comprising":[143],"a":[144,170,290,472],"convenience":[145,473],"sample":[146,474],"were":[147,158,199,224,337,410],"placed":[148],"into":[149],"representing":[152],"teams.":[155],"Before":[156],"tests":[157],"administered,":[159],"each":[160],"team":[161],"trained":[163],"given":[169],"hands-on":[171],"examination":[172],"measure":[174],"competency":[175],"CPOF.":[179],"All":[180],"subjects":[181],"participated":[182],"one":[184,190],"trial":[185,191,304,321],"PAL-enhanced":[187],"CPOF":[188,193,238,268,309,360,379,397,409],"alone.":[194],"Self-assessments":[195],"awareness":[198,255,300,427],"administered":[200],"which":[201],"included":[202],"sub-scales":[203],"on:":[204],"task":[205],"management,":[206,208],"information":[207],"support,":[210],"appreciation":[212],"environment,":[215],"visualization":[216],"trust.":[218],"Speed":[219],"quality":[221,348],"decision-making":[223,498],"also":[225],"measured.":[226],"Repeated":[227],"measures":[228,246],"analysis":[229],"variance":[231],"used":[233],"compare":[235],"only":[239],"awareness.":[242],"In":[243],"repeated":[245],"ANOVA,":[247],"overall":[249],"difference":[250,292],"self-report":[252],"approachedthe":[256],".05":[257],"level":[258],"(M":[261,269,310,322,354,361,373,380,391,398],"=":[262,265,270,273,276,279,311,314,323,326,329,332,355,358,362,365,374,377,381,384,392,395,399,402],"1.85,":[263],"SD":[264,272,313,325,357,364,376,383,394,401],"0.46)":[266],"2.06,":[271],"0.57;":[274],"F(1,10)":[275,328],"4.61,":[277],"p":[278,331],".057),":[280],"lower":[283],"score":[284],"indicating":[285],"higher":[286,317],"approval.":[287],"There":[288],"significant":[291,339],"support":[296,459],"category":[297],"second":[303],"using":[305,448],"both":[306,452],"2.21,":[312],"0.59;":[315],"rated":[316],"than":[318],"2.53,":[324,363],"0.49;":[327],"5.06,":[330],".048).":[333],"The":[334,437],"following":[335],"differences":[336],"not":[338,411],"but":[340],"means":[342],"all":[343],"favored":[344],"over":[346],"CPOF:":[347],"products":[352],"2.89,":[356],"0.75);":[359],"0.83),":[366],"speed":[367],"submission":[369],"minutes":[371],"9:13,":[375],"3:15);":[378],"10:00,":[382],"5:53),":[385],"Situational":[387],"Awareness":[388],"quizzes":[389],"67.03,":[393],"7.15);":[396],"59.24,":[400],"8.23).":[403],"While":[404],"comparisons":[405],"significant,":[412],"results":[413],"indicate":[414],"promise":[422],"improving":[424],"leaders":[432],"complex":[434],"making.":[436],"findings":[438],"demonstrate":[439],"as":[441],"grow":[444],"more":[445],"accustomed":[446],"these":[449],"analytical":[450],"systems,":[451],"CPOF,":[455],"they":[456],"rate":[457],"their":[458],"higher.":[463],"initial":[465],"conducted":[470],"12":[476],"officers.":[478],"Further":[479],"studies":[480],"are":[481],"warranted":[482],"benefits":[486],"array":[493],"factors":[495],"across":[499],"audiences.":[502]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}