{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146647428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000100","title":"Recognition of States: International Law or Realpolitik? The Practice of Recognition in the Wake of Kosovo, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia","display_name":"Recognition of States: International Law or Realpolitik? The Practice of Recognition in the Wake of Kosovo, South Ossetia, and Abkhazia","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146647428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000100","mag":"2146647428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0922156511000100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154337186","display_name":"Leiden Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0922-1565","issn":["0922-1565","1478-9698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leiden Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/241831","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033839169","display_name":"Cedric Ryngaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-9453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-9453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CEDRIC RYNGAERT","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor of International Law, Utrecht University","Professor of International Law, Leuven University [","Research Fellow, Department of Public Law, Leuven University ["],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor of International Law, Utrecht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of International Law, Leuven University [","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Department of Public Law, Leuven University [","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037008406","display_name":"Sven Sobrie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SVEN SOBRIE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor of International Law, Utrecht University","Professor of International Law, Leuven University [","Research Fellow, Department of Public Law, Leuven University ["],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor of International Law, Utrecht University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of International Law, Leuven University [","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Department of Public Law, Leuven University [","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.0223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98939849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"467","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13086","display_name":"Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13086","display_name":"Post-Soviet Geopolitical Dynamics","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.11270000040531158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-recognition","display_name":"state recognition","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recognition-of-new-states","display_name":"recognition of new states","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolution-of-yugoslavia","display_name":"dissolution of Yugoslavia","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kosovo","display_name":"Kosovo","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-ossetia","display_name":"South Ossetia","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abkhazia","display_name":"Abkhazia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-stability","display_name":"international stability","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secession","display_name":"secession","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149775602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753861","display_name":"Realpolitik","level":3,"score":0.9338922500610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.7430192828178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161","display_name":"International community","level":3,"score":0.6389294266700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6351901292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6103060245513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5845180749893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.5409125089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4164885878562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32365289330482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07387253642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0922156511000100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154337186","display_name":"Leiden Journal of International Law","issn_l":"0922-1565","issn":["0922-1565","1478-9698"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leiden Journal of International Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/241831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/241831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/241831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/241831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Leiden Journal of International Law, 24(2), 467. Cambridge University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/241831","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/241831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170367475","https://openalex.org/W6986984499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090220735","https://openalex.org/W3096583848","https://openalex.org/W2948900983","https://openalex.org/W3121579604","https://openalex.org/W7115566742","https://openalex.org/W6892895454","https://openalex.org/W7216766534","https://openalex.org/W4413919280","https://openalex.org/W7140204037","https://openalex.org/W2576623797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,72],"article":[2],"deals":[3],"with":[4],"the":[5,9,18,23,44,49,86,94,98,121],"fundamental":[6],"evolution":[7,73],"that":[8,111],"process":[10],"of":[11,25,41,46,51,55,80],"state":[12,87],"recognition":[13,24,110],"has":[14],"gone":[15],"through":[16],"during":[17,97],"past":[19],"few":[20],"decades.":[21],"Whereas":[22],"new":[26,53],"states":[27],"used":[28,58],"to":[29,32,59,76,125,129,134],"be":[30,67],"subject":[31],"a":[33,52,70,77,132],"relatively":[34],"concise":[35],"and":[36,85,102,115],"clear-cut":[37],"normative":[38,107],"framework":[39,108],"consisting":[40],"factual":[42,114],"criteria,":[43],"dissolution":[45],"Yugoslavia":[47],"marked":[48],"introduction":[50],"set":[54],"moral":[56,116],"norms":[57],"determine":[60],"whether":[61],"or":[62],"not":[63],"an":[64],"entity":[65],"should":[66],"recognized":[68],"as":[69,89],"state.":[71],"gave":[74],"rise":[75],"high":[78],"level":[79],"uncertainty,":[81],"among":[82],"both":[83,113],"authors":[84],"community,":[88],"was":[90],"painfully":[91],"shown":[92],"by":[93],"international":[95,122,135],"discord":[96],"crises":[99],"in":[100],"Kosovo":[101],"South":[103],"Ossetia/Abkhazia.":[104],"A":[105],"renewed":[106],"for":[109],"integrates":[112],"criteria":[117],"is":[118],"needed":[119],"if":[120],"community":[123],"wants":[124],"prevent":[126],"each":[127],"claim":[128],"statehood":[130],"becoming":[131],"threat":[133],"stability.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
