{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146403669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.967","title":"Contracts, Hold-Up, and Exports: Textiles and Opium in Colonial India","display_name":"Contracts, Hold-Up, and Exports: Textiles and Opium in Colonial India","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146403669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.967","mag":"2146403669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.98.3.967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1736","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013106901","display_name":"Rachel E. Kranton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Kranton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088296450","display_name":"Anand V. Swamy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22675022","display_name":"Williams College","ror":"https://ror.org/04avkmd49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand V Swamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA 01267","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.0648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97934233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"3","first_page":"967","last_page":"989"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.86080002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.11479999870061874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hold-up-problem","display_name":"hold-up problem","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-contracts","display_name":"export contracts","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-india-company","display_name":"East India Company","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-bengal","display_name":"colonial Bengal","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-fabric","display_name":"cotton fabric","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opium-monopoly","display_name":"opium monopoly","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-farming","display_name":"contract farming","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procurement","display_name":"procurement","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment-agreements","display_name":"payment agreements","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sales-contracts","display_name":"contract of sale","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-trade","display_name":"colonial trade","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.6799811124801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780789209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4835435","display_name":"BENGAL","level":3,"score":0.6038704514503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27070331","display_name":"Honor","level":2,"score":0.577480673789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5441040992736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5395260453224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779153319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46452","display_name":"Opium","level":2,"score":0.532335638999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.5320665836334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201650216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829492","display_name":"Procurement","level":2,"score":0.43809744715690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3896998465061188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3787478804588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.28527921438217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16645020246505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1314898133277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1273384690284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09852832555770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1257/aer.98.3.967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.3.967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23254222","display_name":"American Economic Review","issn_l":"0002-8282","issn":["0002-8282","1944-7981"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315912","host_organization_name":"American Economic Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Economic Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Economic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.294.1735","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.294.1735","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.williams.edu/Economics/wp/swamytextileopiumdecember2006final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.417.1855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.417.1855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://public.econ.duke.edu/~staff/wrkshop_papers/2006-07Papers/Kranton.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.506.3027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.506.3027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://public.econ.duke.edu/~rek8/textile%26opiumjuly2007final.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:98:y:2008:i:3:p:967-89","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.98.3.967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/1736","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dukespace.lib.duke.edu:10161/1736","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400687","display_name":"DukeSpace (Duke University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","host_organization_name":"Duke University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168468651","https://openalex.org/W296527205","https://openalex.org/W429941574","https://openalex.org/W563981323","https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W608539703","https://openalex.org/W627502182","https://openalex.org/W635427350","https://openalex.org/W1482538103","https://openalex.org/W1511665033","https://openalex.org/W1513281941","https://openalex.org/W1528883103","https://openalex.org/W1539477737","https://openalex.org/W1542367737","https://openalex.org/W1543660029","https://openalex.org/W1543801066","https://openalex.org/W1563429319","https://openalex.org/W1565096370","https://openalex.org/W1573741707","https://openalex.org/W1585670648","https://openalex.org/W1587785643","https://openalex.org/W1605261697","https://openalex.org/W1823003944","https://openalex.org/W1940402366","https://openalex.org/W1971484910","https://openalex.org/W1976369296","https://openalex.org/W1977278060","https://openalex.org/W1981808614","https://openalex.org/W1987611816","https://openalex.org/W1990010655","https://openalex.org/W2013131703","https://openalex.org/W2014137126","https://openalex.org/W2017981799","https://openalex.org/W2037631701","https://openalex.org/W2045097767","https://openalex.org/W2056700716","https://openalex.org/W2058559706","https://openalex.org/W2061219244","https://openalex.org/W2062838619","https://openalex.org/W2069253757","https://openalex.org/W2070639717","https://openalex.org/W2082380665","https://openalex.org/W2082944179","https://openalex.org/W2083062300","https://openalex.org/W2085635751","https://openalex.org/W2094648834","https://openalex.org/W2094804735","https://openalex.org/W2096596649","https://openalex.org/W2103549929","https://openalex.org/W2117455041","https://openalex.org/W2117574943","https://openalex.org/W2129255219","https://openalex.org/W2143943407","https://openalex.org/W2146552240","https://openalex.org/W2154940949","https://openalex.org/W2172082106","https://openalex.org/W2261595313","https://openalex.org/W2278628537","https://openalex.org/W2315014179","https://openalex.org/W2333607037","https://openalex.org/W2475743177","https://openalex.org/W2485916178","https://openalex.org/W2490662655","https://openalex.org/W2500460484","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W2571044310","https://openalex.org/W3025524142","https://openalex.org/W3121147769","https://openalex.org/W3121173166","https://openalex.org/W3123011427","https://openalex.org/W3124368427","https://openalex.org/W3124719057","https://openalex.org/W3125496788","https://openalex.org/W4211236962","https://openalex.org/W4236216913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099895894","https://openalex.org/W7100878636","https://openalex.org/W604851391","https://openalex.org/W6998392991","https://openalex.org/W2549802856","https://openalex.org/W2539173354","https://openalex.org/W4234191741","https://openalex.org/W583701651","https://openalex.org/W7098532109","https://openalex.org/W2185813066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trade":[0],"and":[1,25,27,41,50,58,95],"export,":[2],"it":[3,29],"is":[4],"argued,":[5],"spur":[6],"economic":[7],"growth.":[8],"This":[9],"paper":[10],"studies":[11],"the":[12,42,48,74,86,91],"microeconomics":[13],"of":[14,21],"exporting.":[15],"We":[16,81],"build":[17],"a":[18],"heuristic":[19],"model":[20,40,66],"transactions":[22],"between":[23,76],"exporters":[24],"producers":[26,59],"relate":[28],"to":[30],"East":[31],"India":[32],"Company":[33],"(EIC)":[34],"operations":[35],"in":[36],"colonial":[37],"Bengal.":[38],"Our":[39],"historical":[43],"record":[44],"stress":[45],"two":[46,78],"difficulties:":[47],"exporter":[49],"its":[51],"agents":[52],"might":[53,60],"not":[54,61],"uphold":[55],"payment":[56],"agreements,":[57],"honor":[62],"sales":[63],"contracts.":[64],"The":[65],"shows":[67],"when":[68],"procurement":[69],"succeeds":[70],"or":[71],"fails,":[72],"highlighting":[73],"tension":[75],"these":[77],"hold-up":[79],"problems.":[80],"analyze":[82],"several":[83],"cases,":[84],"including":[85],"EIC's":[87],"cotton":[88],"textile":[89],"venture,":[90],"famous":[92],"Opium":[93],"Monopoly,":[94],"present-day":[96],"contract":[97],"farming.":[98],"(JEL":[99],"D86,":[100],"F14,":[101],"N55,":[102],"N75)":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
