{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145877644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","title":"HUMAN OBSERVING: MAINTAINED BY STIMULI CORRELATED WITH REINFORCEMENT BUT NOT EXTINCTION","display_name":"HUMAN OBSERVING: MAINTAINED BY STIMULI CORRELATED WITH REINFORCEMENT BUT NOT EXTINCTION","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145877644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","mag":"2145877644","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812343","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1347908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1347908","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082653401","display_name":"Edmund J. Fantino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edmund Fantino","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David A. Case","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Case","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082653401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98985691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"2","first_page":"193","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.03220000118017197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.0210999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditioned-reinforcement","display_name":"conditioned reinforcement","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction","display_name":"extinction","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-control","display_name":"stimulus control","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-time-schedules","display_name":"variable-time schedules","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-reduction","display_name":"uncertainty reduction","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.39800000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.9548012018203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.8178685903549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169345407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8216221","display_name":"Uncorrelated","level":2,"score":0.710374653339386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.668263852596283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3593178391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2691168189048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1771438717842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12295910716056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.052213072776794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1983.40-193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1347908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1347908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16812343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1347908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1347908","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279210805","https://openalex.org/W654983931","https://openalex.org/W1763311249","https://openalex.org/W1968751703","https://openalex.org/W1983283582","https://openalex.org/W1984431746","https://openalex.org/W1991850145","https://openalex.org/W2026773396","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2048602380","https://openalex.org/W2054396978","https://openalex.org/W2059633740","https://openalex.org/W2061451240","https://openalex.org/W2065884108","https://openalex.org/W2066234557","https://openalex.org/W2117268822","https://openalex.org/W2120372279","https://openalex.org/W2124537291","https://openalex.org/W2145590358","https://openalex.org/W2165073330","https://openalex.org/W2499548924","https://openalex.org/W2728371274","https://openalex.org/W4244220695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117268822","https://openalex.org/W2054396978","https://openalex.org/W7097212907","https://openalex.org/W2019720336","https://openalex.org/W1963845524","https://openalex.org/W2081264379","https://openalex.org/W2164085555","https://openalex.org/W4389943164","https://openalex.org/W1994353277","https://openalex.org/W2116654688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"College":[0],"students":[1],"received":[2],"points":[3],"exchangeable":[4],"for":[5],"money":[6],"(reinforcement)":[7],"on":[8,37],"a":[9],"variable-time":[10],"60-second":[11],"schedule":[12],"that":[13,23],"alternated":[14],"randomly":[15],"with":[16,54,59,67,73],"an":[17],"extinction":[18],"component.":[19],"Subjects":[20],"were":[21,61],"informed":[22],"responding":[24],"would":[25],"not":[26,87],"influence":[27],"either":[28,38],"the":[29,80,89],"rate":[30],"or":[31],"distribution":[32],"of":[33,39,48,83],"reinforcement.":[34],"Instead,":[35],"presses":[36],"two":[40],"levers":[41],"(\"observing":[42],"responses\")":[43],"produced":[44],"stimuli.":[45],"In":[46],"each":[47,62],"four":[49],"experiments,":[50],"stimuli":[51,57,65],"positively":[52],"correlated":[53,66],"reinforcement":[55,60],"and/or":[56],"uncorrelated":[58],"chosen":[63],"over":[64],"extinction.":[68],"These":[69],"results":[70,75],"are":[71],"consistent":[72],"prior":[74],"from":[76],"pigeons":[77],"in":[78,86],"supporting":[79,88],"conditioned-reinforcement":[81],"hypothesis":[82],"observing":[84],"and":[85],"uncertainty-reduction":[90],"hypothesis.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
