{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145860657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn093","title":"C4 photosynthesis and water stress","display_name":"C4 photosynthesis and water stress","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145860657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn093","mag":"2145860657","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18552367","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2707343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/aob/mcn093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2254258","display_name":"Annals of Botany","issn_l":"0305-7364","issn":["0305-7364","1095-8290"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2707343/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023184934","display_name":"Oula Ghannoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-0741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-0741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"O. Ghannoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith DC, NSW, Australia. o.ghannoum@uws.edu.au","Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith DC, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith DC, NSW, Australia. o.ghannoum@uws.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Plant and Food Science, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith DC, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023184934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"],"apc_list":{"value":2743,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3617},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":554,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61764706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"4","first_page":"635","last_page":"644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.4408999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.4408999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10303","display_name":"Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms","score":0.396699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.09549999982118607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c4-photosynthesis","display_name":"C4 photosynthesis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-stress","display_name":"water stress","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought","display_name":"drought","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-concentrating-mechanism","display_name":"CO2-concentrating mechanism","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorespiration","display_name":"photorespiration","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stomatal-conductance","display_name":"stomatal conductance","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevated-co2","display_name":"elevated CO2","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-stomatal-limitation","display_name":"non-stomatal limitation","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mehler-reaction","display_name":"Mehler reaction","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-water-status","display_name":"leaf water status","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundle-sheath","display_name":"bundle sheath","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-anatomy","display_name":"leaf anatomy","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/senescence","display_name":"senescence","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c3-photosynthesis","display_name":"C3 photosynthesis","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117534273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842275","display_name":"Photorespiration","level":3,"score":0.9433681964874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.9432308673858643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.780811071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910521719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283604","display_name":"C4 photosynthesis","level":3,"score":0.7267374396324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983671280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376358","display_name":"Water stress","level":2,"score":0.6346171498298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78604142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640582","display_name":"Fight-or-flight response","level":3,"score":0.4591689705848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.44629839062690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43217548727989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0941828191280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002245","descriptor_name":"Carbon Dioxide","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003681","descriptor_name":"Dehydration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010788","descriptor_name":"Photosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054046","descriptor_name":"Plant Stomata","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055864","descriptor_name":"Droughts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/aob/mcn093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2254258","display_name":"Annals of Botany","issn_l":"0305-7364","issn":["0305-7364","1095-8290"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Botany","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18552367","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18552367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of botany","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2707343","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2707343/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Bot","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2707343","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2707343/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Bot","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115271627","https://openalex.org/W196437198","https://openalex.org/W239413529","https://openalex.org/W617039848","https://openalex.org/W1494184915","https://openalex.org/W1518640320","https://openalex.org/W1585173024","https://openalex.org/W1603821642","https://openalex.org/W1644720407","https://openalex.org/W1895418445","https://openalex.org/W1966067411","https://openalex.org/W1966547655","https://openalex.org/W1968249694","https://openalex.org/W1972388687","https://openalex.org/W1981894496","https://openalex.org/W1987081141","https://openalex.org/W1993569418","https://openalex.org/W1994084127","https://openalex.org/W1995370493","https://openalex.org/W1995819848","https://openalex.org/W1998950753","https://openalex.org/W1999477812","https://openalex.org/W2009614011","https://openalex.org/W2013556228","https://openalex.org/W2016293742","https://openalex.org/W2018681496","https://openalex.org/W2028693962","https://openalex.org/W2037483463","https://openalex.org/W2054854501","https://openalex.org/W2056775761","https://openalex.org/W2057049385","https://openalex.org/W2062267635","https://openalex.org/W2071432990","https://openalex.org/W2077523040","https://openalex.org/W2092732938","https://openalex.org/W2096662755","https://openalex.org/W2097616658","https://openalex.org/W2098564627","https://openalex.org/W2108983886","https://openalex.org/W2109885949","https://openalex.org/W2113389258","https://openalex.org/W2116389766","https://openalex.org/W2118557176","https://openalex.org/W2118586669","https://openalex.org/W2120172727","https://openalex.org/W2120557413","https://openalex.org/W2121049210","https://openalex.org/W2122305785","https://openalex.org/W2124770012","https://openalex.org/W2129271211","https://openalex.org/W2129894878","https://openalex.org/W2130485011","https://openalex.org/W2141627877","https://openalex.org/W2148149898","https://openalex.org/W2148636699","https://openalex.org/W2149940947","https://openalex.org/W2152956953","https://openalex.org/W2158040049","https://openalex.org/W2159176355","https://openalex.org/W2159443071","https://openalex.org/W2160437934","https://openalex.org/W2160906348","https://openalex.org/W2166149316","https://openalex.org/W2166559574","https://openalex.org/W2170214026","https://openalex.org/W2315678454","https://openalex.org/W2319623956","https://openalex.org/W2325705603","https://openalex.org/W2329697427","https://openalex.org/W2331356698","https://openalex.org/W2332637400","https://openalex.org/W2481709101","https://openalex.org/W2487850808","https://openalex.org/W2497974717","https://openalex.org/W2586781288","https://openalex.org/W2906989304","https://openalex.org/W3185543547","https://openalex.org/W4237505718","https://openalex.org/W4252524046","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008322107","https://openalex.org/W1995858524","https://openalex.org/W2149940947","https://openalex.org/W7172310805","https://openalex.org/W2146482910","https://openalex.org/W2103372127","https://openalex.org/W2054854501","https://openalex.org/W1985957663","https://openalex.org/W3000501002","https://openalex.org/W2158040049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"In":[1,173],"contrast":[2],"to":[3,11,27,53,76,111,179,223,295,320],"C(3)":[4,325],"photosynthesis,":[5],"the":[6,21,28,42,49,65,71,80,158,184,224,231,251,292,330,338],"response":[7,72],"of":[8,20,24,38,44,68,73,163,210,214,218,253,271,329,337],"C(4)":[9,25,39,74,106,165,239,306,312,339],"photosynthesis":[10,40,55,75,107,128,166,313],"water":[12,77,112,117,254,266,303,321,334],"stress":[13,255,304,322],"has":[14],"been":[15],"less-well":[16],"studied":[17],"in":[18,48,59,88,91,148,243,305,327],"spite":[19,328],"significant":[22,298],"contribution":[23],"plants":[26,240],"global":[29],"carbon":[30],"budget":[31],"and":[32,56,96,122,127,194,221,227,264,275,333],"food":[33],"security.":[34],"The":[35,134,203],"key":[36],"feature":[37],"is":[41,100,108,156,161,177,188,281,285,314],"operation":[43],"a":[45,146,191,199,269,286],"CO(2)-concentrating":[46,159],"mechanism":[47,160],"leaves,":[50],"which":[51],"serves":[52],"saturate":[54],"suppress":[57],"photorespiration":[58,290],"normal":[60],"air.":[61],"This":[62,155,187,308],"article":[63],"reviews":[64],"current":[66],"state":[67],"understanding":[69],"about":[70,233],"stress,":[78],"including":[79],"interaction":[81],"with":[82],"elevated":[83,247],"CO(2)":[84,119,171,176,234,248],"concentration.":[85],"Major":[86],"gaps":[87],"our":[89],"knowledge":[90],"this":[92],"area":[93],"are":[94],"identified":[95],"further":[97],"required":[98],"research":[99],"suggested.":[101],"SCOPE:":[102],"Evidence":[103],"indicates":[104],"that":[105,237,283],"highly":[109],"sensitive":[110,319],"stress.":[113],"With":[114],"declining":[115],"leaf":[116,225,277],"status,":[118],"assimilation":[120,149],"rate":[121],"stomatal":[123,137,193,273],"conductance":[124,274],"decrease":[125],"rapidly":[126],"goes":[129],"through":[130],"three":[131],"successive":[132],"phases.":[133],"initial,":[135],"mainly":[136,200],"phase,":[138],"may":[139,141,309],"or":[140,291,316],"not":[142],"be":[143,180],"detected":[144],"as":[145,268,297],"decline":[147],"rates":[150],"depending":[151],"on":[152,256],"environmental":[153],"conditions.":[154],"because":[157],"capable":[162],"saturating":[164],"under":[167,302],"relatively":[168],"low":[169],"intercellular":[170],"concentrations.":[172],"addition,":[174],"photorespired":[175],"likely":[178],"refixed":[181],"before":[182],"escaping":[183],"bundle":[185],"sheath.":[186],"followed":[189],"by":[190],"mixed":[192],"non-stomatal":[195,201,205],"phase":[196],"and,":[197],"finally,":[198],"phase.":[202],"main":[204],"factors":[206],"include":[207],"reduced":[208,276],"activity":[209],"photosynthetic":[211,340],"enzymes;":[212],"inhibition":[213],"nitrate":[215],"assimilation,":[216],"induction":[217],"early":[219],"senescence,":[220],"changes":[222],"anatomy":[226],"ultrastructure.":[228],"Results":[229],"from":[230],"literature":[232],"enrichment":[235],"indicate":[236],"when":[238],"experience":[241],"drought":[242],"their":[244],"natural":[245],"environment,":[246],"concentration":[249],"alleviates":[250],"effect":[252],"plant":[257,265],"productivity":[258],"indirectly":[259],"via":[260],"improved":[261],"soil":[262],"moisture":[263],"status":[267],"result":[270],"decreased":[272],"transpiration.":[278],"CONCLUSIONS:":[279],"It":[280],"suggested":[282],"there":[284],"limited":[287],"capacity":[288,332],"for":[289],"Mehler":[293],"reaction":[294],"act":[296],"alternative":[299],"electron":[300],"sinks":[301],"photosynthesis.":[307],"explain":[310],"why":[311],"equally":[315],"even":[317],"more":[318],"than":[323],"its":[324],"counterpart":[326],"greater":[331],"use":[335],"efficiency":[336],"pathway.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":32}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
