{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145809152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","title":"Molecular evolution and diversity in Bacillus anthracis as detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers","display_name":"Molecular evolution and diversity in Bacillus anthracis as detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145809152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","mag":"2145809152","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9006038","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/178765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133274750","display_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","issn_l":"0021-9193","issn":["0021-9193","1067-8832","1098-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2145809152"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC178765","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045601734","display_name":"Paul Keim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-5820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-5820"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P Keim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098226764","display_name":"A S Kalif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A Kalif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J Schupp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J Schupp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052402977","display_name":"K K Hill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103504439","display_name":"SP Travis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S E Travis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020611377","display_name":"K L Richmond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K Richmond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009285572","display_name":"Debra M. Adair","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D M Adair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109996962","display_name":"M. Hugh-Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M Hugh-Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051362616","display_name":"Cheryl R. Kuske","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-8415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-8415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C R Kuske","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P Jackson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Molecular Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA. Paul.Keim@NAU.EDU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009285572","https://openalex.org/A5020611377","https://openalex.org/A5045601734","https://openalex.org/A5051362616","https://openalex.org/A5052402977","https://openalex.org/A5098226764","https://openalex.org/A5103504439","https://openalex.org/A5109996962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":354,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97962059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"179","issue":"3","first_page":"818","last_page":"824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-anthracis","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-evolution","display_name":"molecular evolution","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-diversity","display_name":"genetic diversity","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aflp-markers","display_name":"AFLP markers","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogeny","display_name":"phylogeny","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-cereus","display_name":"Bacillus cereus","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-thuringiensis","display_name":"Bacillus thuringiensis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pxo1-plasmid","display_name":"pXO1 plasmid","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-lineages","display_name":"genetic lineages","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-origin","display_name":"African origin","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153523973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q292077","display_name":"Amplified fragment length polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.9395496249198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9162064790725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780239966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614156","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","level":3,"score":0.8725621700286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.59847491979599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84289048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316314","display_name":"Restriction fragment","level":3,"score":0.4359247386455536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.43058502674102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.4283076524734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.42784327268600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.22044190764427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.11794117093086243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.06136247515678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000835","descriptor_name":"Animals, Wild","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000881","descriptor_name":"Anthrax","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001407","descriptor_name":"Bacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001407","descriptor_name":"Bacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001408","descriptor_name":"Bacillus anthracis","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001408","descriptor_name":"Bacillus anthracis","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005819","descriptor_name":"Genetic Markers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005843","descriptor_name":"Geography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012150","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.179.3.818-824.1997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133274750","display_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","issn_l":"0021-9193","issn":["0021-9193","1067-8832","1098-5530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bacteriology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:150796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC178765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:9006038","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9006038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of bacteriology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:178765","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC178765/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Bacteriol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.318.1751","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.318.1751","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jb.asm.org/content/179/3/818.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:150796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC178765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310831","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337630","display_name":"Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03bq05s23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135855257","https://openalex.org/W641828379","https://openalex.org/W1573550299","https://openalex.org/W1590573769","https://openalex.org/W1835663266","https://openalex.org/W1934642468","https://openalex.org/W1994393140","https://openalex.org/W2000971599","https://openalex.org/W2007079335","https://openalex.org/W2011042857","https://openalex.org/W2019039916","https://openalex.org/W2020134144","https://openalex.org/W2044600010","https://openalex.org/W2084753736","https://openalex.org/W2102827392","https://openalex.org/W2105530651","https://openalex.org/W2139471932","https://openalex.org/W2140098542","https://openalex.org/W2161863335","https://openalex.org/W4241084111","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149701557","https://openalex.org/W2042064246","https://openalex.org/W71440106","https://openalex.org/W1970694588","https://openalex.org/W2138973320","https://openalex.org/W1977249935","https://openalex.org/W4406233615","https://openalex.org/W2094411888","https://openalex.org/W1977633672","https://openalex.org/W7096949895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bacillus":[0,33,66],"anthracis":[1,28,97,144,206,219],"causes":[2],"anthrax":[3,248],"and":[4,30,50,71,83,86,98,115,135,145,193,196,225,252,273],"represents":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,64,95,105,190,223],"the":[8,65,119,152,157,174,186,191,203,217,246,253],"most":[9,175],"molecularly":[10],"monomorphic":[11],"bacteria":[12],"known.":[13,180],"We":[14],"have":[15],"used":[16,90,147],"AFLP":[17,38,107,140,163,182,243],"(amplified":[18],"fragment":[19],"length":[20,69],"polymorphism)":[21],"DNA":[22],"markers":[23,39,141,183],"to":[24,43,53,91,122,150,156,259],"analyze":[25],"78":[26],"B.":[27,96,113,116,123,126,131,133,136,143,169,205,218],"isolates":[29],"six":[31],"related":[32],"species":[34,179],"for":[35,68,74,237],"molecular":[36],"variation.":[37],"are":[40,118,229],"extremely":[41],"sensitive":[42],"even":[44],"small":[45],"sequence":[46],"variation,":[47],"using":[48],"PCR":[49],"high-resolution":[51],"electrophoresis":[52],"examine":[54],"restriction":[55],"fragments.":[56],"Using":[57],"this":[58,238],"approach,":[59],"we":[60],"examined":[61],"ca.":[62,72],"6.3%":[63],"genome":[67],"mutations":[70],"0.36%":[73],"point":[75],"mutations.":[76],"Extensive":[77],"variation":[78,158,165,224],"was":[79,166],"observed":[80,167],"among":[81,159,202,216],"taxa,":[82,160],"both":[84],"cladistic":[85],"phenetic":[87],"analyses":[88],"were":[89,146],"construct":[92],"a":[93,232,260,274],"phylogeny":[94],"its":[99,226],"closest":[100,120],"relatives.":[101],"This":[102],"genome-wide":[103],"analysis":[104,209],"357":[106],"characters":[108],"(polymorphic":[109],"fragments)":[110],"indicates":[111],"that":[112,264],"cereus":[114],"thuringiensis":[117],"taxa":[121],"anthracis,":[124,170],"with":[125,142,231],"mycoides":[127],"slightly":[128],"more":[129],"distant.":[130],"subtilis,":[132],"polymyxa,":[134],"stearothermophilus":[137],"shared":[138],"few":[139],"as":[148],"outgroups":[149],"root":[151],"analysis.":[153],"In":[154],"contrast":[155],"only":[161],"rare":[162],"marker":[164,244],"within":[168],"which":[171],"may":[172],"be":[173],"genetically":[176],"uniform":[177],"bacterial":[178],"However,":[181],"did":[184],"establish":[185],"presence":[187],"or":[188],"absence":[189],"pXO1":[192],"pXO2":[194],"plasmids":[195],"detected":[197],"31":[198],"polymorphic":[199],"chromosomal":[200],"regions":[201],"79":[204],"isolates.":[207,220],"Cluster":[208],"identified":[210],"two":[211],"very":[212],"distinct":[213],"genetic":[214],"lineages":[215],"The":[221],"level":[222],"geographic":[227],"distribution":[228],"consistent":[230],"historically":[233],"recent":[234],"African":[235],"origin":[236],"pathogenic":[239],"organism.":[240],"Based":[241],"on":[242],"similarity,":[245],"ongoing":[247],"epidemic":[249],"in":[250],"Canada":[251],"northern":[254],"United":[255],"States":[256],"is":[257],"due":[258],"single":[261],"strain":[262],"introduction":[263],"has":[265],"remained":[266],"stable":[267],"over":[268],"at":[269],"least":[270],"30":[271],"years":[272],"1,000-mile":[275],"distribution.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}