{"id":"https://openalex.org/W214579352","doi":null,"title":"An exploration of middle school science teachers' understandings and teaching practice of science as inquiry","display_name":"An exploration of middle school science teachers' understandings and teaching practice of science as inquiry","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W214579352","mag":"214579352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wayne.edu:oa_dissertations-2006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171990522","display_name":"Human Biology","issn_l":"0018-7143","issn":["0018-7143","1534-6617"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wayne State University Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004937187","display_name":"Margaret Ann Castle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Ann Castle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004937187"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12182","display_name":"Evolution and Science Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13600","display_name":"Science Education and Perceptions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-as-inquiry","display_name":"science as inquiry","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-school-science-teachers","display_name":"middle school science teachers","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teachers-understanding","display_name":"teacher understanding","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-practice","display_name":"teaching practice","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-practice","display_name":"scientific practice","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stem-education","display_name":"STEM education","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inquiry-based-science-education","display_name":"inquiry-based science teaching","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-beliefs","display_name":"teacher beliefs","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-education-reform","display_name":"science education reform","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/21st-century-skills","display_name":"21st century skills","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-training-programs","display_name":"teacher education curriculum","score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-attrition","display_name":"teacher attrition","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-retention","display_name":"teacher retention","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-self-efficacy","display_name":"teacher self-efficacy","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-collaboration","display_name":"teacher collaboration","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.5514588356018066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5475637912750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.537274956703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4131615161895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3312957286834717}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wayne.edu:oa_dissertations-2006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/oa_dissertations/1007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171990522","display_name":"Human Biology","issn_l":"0018-7143","issn":["0018-7143","1534-6617"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wayne State University Dissertations","raw_type":"dissertation"},{"id":"mag:214579352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2006&context=oa_dissertations","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71727526","https://openalex.org/W91218348","https://openalex.org/W137717046","https://openalex.org/W192843911","https://openalex.org/W199917971","https://openalex.org/W604846972","https://openalex.org/W631426397","https://openalex.org/W1493919779","https://openalex.org/W1499047121","https://openalex.org/W1526145079","https://openalex.org/W1526703352","https://openalex.org/W1536573182","https://openalex.org/W1537375857","https://openalex.org/W1546396399","https://openalex.org/W1574046838","https://openalex.org/W1575714269","https://openalex.org/W1589399253","https://openalex.org/W1620084432","https://openalex.org/W1648601759","https://openalex.org/W1663556382","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W1751769270","https://openalex.org/W1754306792","https://openalex.org/W1761828760","https://openalex.org/W1963935400","https://openalex.org/W1967026021","https://openalex.org/W1967253999","https://openalex.org/W1969598650","https://openalex.org/W1976482828","https://openalex.org/W1987803162","https://openalex.org/W1994626640","https://openalex.org/W2001494238","https://openalex.org/W2017306378","https://openalex.org/W2025848090","https://openalex.org/W2031850975","https://openalex.org/W2036773633","https://openalex.org/W2038200352","https://openalex.org/W2039529528","https://openalex.org/W2040111766","https://openalex.org/W2041894816","https://openalex.org/W2042319418","https://openalex.org/W2053063917","https://openalex.org/W2053434274","https://openalex.org/W2054028789","https://openalex.org/W2054740473","https://openalex.org/W2070199886","https://openalex.org/W2072158360","https://openalex.org/W2086437402","https://openalex.org/W2087572925","https://openalex.org/W2090176663","https://openalex.org/W2092049568","https://openalex.org/W2109561854","https://openalex.org/W2109685530","https://openalex.org/W2112268323","https://openalex.org/W2122423127","https://openalex.org/W2122534729","https://openalex.org/W2132494129","https://openalex.org/W2135975181","https://openalex.org/W2140369176","https://openalex.org/W2146323032","https://openalex.org/W2153000380","https://openalex.org/W2156375226","https://openalex.org/W2157186373","https://openalex.org/W2159317963","https://openalex.org/W2163258476","https://openalex.org/W2257451327","https://openalex.org/W2423609147","https://openalex.org/W2520660681","https://openalex.org/W2592692991","https://openalex.org/W2726298536","https://openalex.org/W2727426218","https://openalex.org/W2798990342","https://openalex.org/W2886409168","https://openalex.org/W2915043612","https://openalex.org/W2990892553","https://openalex.org/W4233522785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584062678","https://openalex.org/W3046013312","https://openalex.org/W3148870350","https://openalex.org/W6907939138","https://openalex.org/W2953648229","https://openalex.org/W1834013205","https://openalex.org/W3009913546","https://openalex.org/W2327238670","https://openalex.org/W4414718669","https://openalex.org/W4413086711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,16,21,29,93,140,207,293,321,326,357,390,428,453,457,494],"reports":[3,41,58,144],"have":[4],"raised":[5],"a":[6,45,107,220,260,309,394,446],"concern":[7],"that":[8,146,273,281,403],"the":[9,14,27,55,88,99,147,170,180,197,205,223,233,254,355,388,424,433,485,487,492],"U.S.":[10,56,181,198,224],"is":[11,225,236,259,269,312,344],"not":[12,156],"meeting":[13],"demands":[15],"21st":[17,89],"century":[18],"skill":[19],"preparation":[20],"students,":[22],"teachers,":[23],"and":[24,33,38,51,68,78,84,103,128,134,163,186,229,251,267,291,382,426,430,441,448,468,477,484,497],"practitioners":[25],"in":[26,49,54,87,142,160,179,184,188,204,212,232,263,270,290,329,335,347,491],"areas":[28],"science,":[30,248],"technology,":[31,249],"engineering,":[32,250],"mathematics":[34,52,252],"(STEM).":[35],"In":[36],"2005":[37],"2006":[39],"five":[40],"were":[42,479],"released":[43],"indicating":[44],"need":[46],"for":[47,106,120,130,173,362,372,443],"improvement":[48],"science":[50,161,189,255,265,285,294,318,322,350,375,395,465],"education":[53,266],"The":[57,118,455],"were:":[59],"Keeping":[60],"America":[61,105],"Competitive:":[62],"Five":[63],"Strategies":[64],"To":[65],"Improve":[66],"Mathematics":[67],"Science":[69],"Education":[70,77,119],"(Coble":[71],"&":[72,193,298,305],"Allen,":[73],"2005);":[74,127],"National":[75],"Defense":[76],"Innovation":[79,121],"Initiative:":[80],"Meeting":[81],"America's":[82,116],"Economic":[83,109],"Security":[85],"Challenges":[86],"Century":[90],"(The":[91],"Association":[92],"American":[94],"Universities,":[95],"2006);":[96],"Rising":[97],"Above":[98],"Gathering":[100],"Storm:":[101],"Energizing":[102],"Employing":[104],"Brighter":[108],"Future":[110],"(National":[111],"Academies":[112],"Press,":[113],"2007);":[114],"Tapping":[115],"Potential:":[117],"Initiative":[122],"(Business":[123],"Roundtable":[124],"Taskforce":[125],",":[126],"Waiting":[129],"Sputnik:":[131],"Basic":[132],"Research":[133,279],"Strategic":[135],"Competition":[136],"(Lewis,":[137],"2005).":[138],"Consensus":[139],"data":[141],"these":[143],"indicates":[145,280],"U.S.,":[148],"as":[149,323,393],"compared":[150],"to":[151,226,238,242,276,314,354,377,401,407,416,450,461,471],"other":[152],"industrialized":[153],"nations,":[154],"does":[155],"fare":[157],"very":[158],"well":[159],"achievement":[162],"STEM":[164],"degree":[165],"attainment.":[166],"For":[167],"example,":[168],"on":[169],"2003":[171],"Program":[172],"International":[174],"Assessment":[175],"(PISA),":[176],"15-year-old":[177],"students":[178,283],"ranked":[182,199],"28th":[183],"math":[185],"24th":[187],"literacy":[190],"(Kuenzi,":[191,217],"Matthews,":[192],"Mangon,":[194],"2006).":[195],"Furthermore,":[196],"20th":[200],"among":[201],"all":[202],"nations":[203],"proportion":[206],"24-year-olds":[208],"who":[209],"earned":[210],"degrees":[211],"natural":[213],"sciences":[214],"or":[215],"engineering":[216],"2008).":[218],"As":[219,308],"result,":[221,310],"if":[222],"remain":[227],"scientifically":[228],"technologically":[230],"competitive":[231],"world,":[234],"it":[235,268,311],"necessary":[237],"increase":[239],"our":[240],"efforts":[241],"incorporate":[243],"scientific":[244,358,391,472],"practices":[245],"associated":[246],"with":[247,352],"into":[253,481],"classroom.":[256],"Middle":[257],"school":[258,272,317,349,374,464,488],"critical":[261],"point":[262],"students'":[264],"middle":[271,316,348,373,463],"they":[274],"begin":[275],"dislike":[277],"science.":[278],"when":[282,386],"learn":[284],"through":[286],"inquiry":[287,324,359,392],"their":[288,331,336],"interest":[289],"understanding":[292],"increases":[295],"(Akkus,":[296],"Gunel":[297],"Hand,":[299],"2007;":[300],"Gibson,":[301],"2002;":[302],"Liu,":[303],"Lee":[304],"Linn,":[306],"2010).":[307],"important":[313],"explore":[315],"teachers'":[319,413,421,466],"definition":[320],"because":[325],"its":[327],"importance":[328],"how":[330,474],"understandings":[332,467,476,496],"are":[333],"reflected":[334],"practice.":[337],"Researchers":[338],"must":[339,368],"witness,":[340],"first-":[341],"hand,":[342],"what":[343],"taking":[345],"place":[346],"classrooms":[351],"respect":[353],"teaching":[356],"before":[360],"recommendations":[361],"improvements":[363],"can":[364],"be":[365,408],"made.":[366],"We":[367],"also":[369],"allow":[370],"opportunities":[371],"teachers":[376,437],"broach,":[378],"examine,":[379],"explore,":[380],"interpret":[381],"report":[383],"implementation":[384],"strategies":[385],"practicing":[387],"elements":[389],"content":[396],"area.":[397],"It":[398],"then":[399],"stands":[400],"reason":[402],"more":[404],"research":[405],"needs":[406],"done":[409],"to:":[410],"(1)":[411],"assess":[412],"knowledge":[414],"related":[415,470],"reform-based":[417],"teaching,":[418],"(2)":[419],"investigate":[420,432],"views":[422],"about":[423],"goals":[425],"purposes":[427],"inquiry,":[429],"(3)":[431],"processes":[434],"by":[435],"which":[436],"carry":[438],"out":[439],"SI":[440],"motivation":[442],"undertaking":[444],"such":[445,495],"complex":[447],"difficult":[449],"manage":[451],"form":[452],"instruction.":[454],"purpose":[456],"this":[458],"study":[459],"was":[460],"examine":[462],"skills":[469,478],"inquiry;":[473],"those":[475],"translated":[480],"classroom":[482],"practice,":[483],"role":[486],"district":[489],"played":[490],"development":[493],"skills.":[498]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}