{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145688799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","title":"Effects of membrane surface charge and calcium on the gating of rat brain sodium channels in planar bilayers.","display_name":"Effects of membrane surface charge and calcium on the gating of rat brain sodium channels in planar bilayers.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145688799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","mag":"2145688799","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2849628","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2228909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","pdf_url":"https://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/92/4/431/1247675/431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168548653","display_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","issn_l":"0022-1295","issn":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/92/4/431/1247675/431.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088989450","display_name":"Samuel Cukierman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Cukierman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000821921","display_name":"William C. Zinkand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W C Zinkand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103180101","display_name":"Robert J. French","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-026X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8174-026X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R J French","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035330154","display_name":"Bruce K. Krueger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-1931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-1931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B K Krueger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6353,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91183249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"4","first_page":"431","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10493","display_name":"Ion channel regulation and function","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10493","display_name":"Ion channel regulation and function","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10407","display_name":"Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10724","display_name":"Ion Transport and Channel Regulation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-channel-gating","display_name":"sodium channel gating","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-surface-charge","display_name":"membrane surface charge","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium","display_name":"calcium","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-brain","display_name":"rat brain","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar-lipid-bilayers","display_name":"planar lipid bilayers","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negatively-charged-phospholipids","display_name":"negatively charged phospholipids","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state-activation","display_name":"steady-state activation","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-dependence","display_name":"voltage dependence","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrostatic-potential","display_name":"electrostatic potential","score":0.7559999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194544171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105679","display_name":"Gating","level":2,"score":0.8799113035202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.8054890632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7123554944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39944091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423279","display_name":"Lipid bilayer","level":3,"score":0.6615877151489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.6013153195381165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.5634645223617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181911157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389844","display_name":"Membrane potential","level":2,"score":0.5576168894767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.46245503425598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50952357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424960","display_name":"Sodium channel","level":3,"score":0.4446069300174713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780358262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540423","display_name":"Surface charge","level":2,"score":0.41043734550476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3512756824493408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3395792841911316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.33033889532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11307883262634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.05825906991958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001496","descriptor_name":"Batrachotoxins","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002118","descriptor_name":"Calcium","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008051","descriptor_name":"Lipid Bilayers","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015222","descriptor_name":"Sodium Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015222","descriptor_name":"Sodium Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","pdf_url":"https://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/92/4/431/1247675/431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168548653","display_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","issn_l":"0022-1295","issn":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2228909","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2228909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Gen Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:2849628","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2849628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.317.9867","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.317.9867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://jgp.rupress.org/content/92/4/431.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.92.4.431","pdf_url":"https://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/92/4/431/1247675/431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168548653","display_name":"The Journal of General Physiology","issn_l":"0022-1295","issn":["0022-1295","1540-7748"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315676","host_organization_name":"Rockefeller University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315676"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Rockefeller University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3939032342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS-16285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G920009013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS20106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338415","display_name":"U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145688799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145688799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103595888","https://openalex.org/W130559879","https://openalex.org/W1661187373","https://openalex.org/W1965732710","https://openalex.org/W1973995482","https://openalex.org/W1984952930","https://openalex.org/W1995787167","https://openalex.org/W1998758930","https://openalex.org/W2001872834","https://openalex.org/W2014728794","https://openalex.org/W2015209960","https://openalex.org/W2016596226","https://openalex.org/W2021036548","https://openalex.org/W2028274352","https://openalex.org/W2036770754","https://openalex.org/W2037021439","https://openalex.org/W2047009385","https://openalex.org/W2047756517","https://openalex.org/W2056082368","https://openalex.org/W2064379457","https://openalex.org/W2072862335","https://openalex.org/W2078449479","https://openalex.org/W2088856251","https://openalex.org/W2094688884","https://openalex.org/W2097484720","https://openalex.org/W2116153089","https://openalex.org/W2129072751","https://openalex.org/W2129437858","https://openalex.org/W2133464980","https://openalex.org/W2135440354","https://openalex.org/W2140050141","https://openalex.org/W2140168102","https://openalex.org/W2155799752","https://openalex.org/W2159244395","https://openalex.org/W2413948229","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098775732","https://openalex.org/W1996708503","https://openalex.org/W2062858753","https://openalex.org/W2159997300","https://openalex.org/W2059672142","https://openalex.org/W2085178731","https://openalex.org/W2129932978","https://openalex.org/W2117719593","https://openalex.org/W2097484720","https://openalex.org/W1977186102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,106,140,171],"voltage-dependent":[1],"gating":[2,95,210,235,254],"of":[3,18,29,54,61,67,78,84,93,108,142,146,158,174,249,269],"single,":[4],"batrachotoxin-activated":[5],"Na":[6,32,190,260],"channels":[7],"from":[8,276],"rat":[9],"brain":[10],"was":[11,45,97,125],"studied":[12],"in":[13,34,47,51,120,129,136,156,181],"planar":[14],"lipid":[15,252],"bilayers":[16,131],"composed":[17],"negatively":[19,137,194],"charged":[20,138,169,195],"or":[21,73],"neutral":[22,130],"phospholipids.":[23],"relationship":[25],"between":[26],"the":[27,31,35,39,52,59,64,68,70,76,81,85,91,94,100,103,113,143,150,189,214,226,233,244,250,272,279,283],"probability":[28],"finding":[30],"channel":[33,191,209,261,280],"open":[36],"state":[37],"and":[38,57,132,164,201,246,282],"membrane":[40,227,251,284],"potential":[41,275],"(Po":[42],"vs.":[43,87,183],"Vm)":[44],"determined":[46],"symmetrical":[48,172],"NaCl,":[49],"both":[50,198,206],"absence":[53,77],"free":[55],"Ca2+":[56,62,111,147,175],"after":[58],"addition":[60,107,141,173],"to":[63,112,148,232,237,271],"extracellular":[65],"side":[66,115,152],"channel,":[69],"intracellular":[71,151],"side,":[72],"both.":[74],"In":[75],"Ca2+,":[79],"neither":[80],"midpoint":[82],"(V0.5)":[83],"Po":[86,182],"Vm":[88],"relation,":[89],"nor":[90],"steepness":[92],"curve,":[96],"affected":[98],"by":[99],"charge":[101],"on":[102,197,205,213,225,243,258,278],"bilayer":[104],"lipid.":[105,285],"7.5":[109],"mM":[110],"external":[114],"caused":[116,153,176],"a":[117,177,218,266],"depolarizing":[118,123,179],"shift":[119,124,180],"V0.5.":[121],"This":[122],"approximately":[126,133,159,165],"17":[127],"mV":[128,135,161,167],"25":[134],"bilayers.":[139],"same":[144],"concentration":[145],"only":[149],"hyperpolarizing":[154],"shifts":[155],"V0.5":[157],"7":[160],"(neutral":[162],"bilayers)":[163],"14":[166],"(negatively":[168],"bilayers).":[170],"small":[178],"Vm.":[184],"We":[185],"conclude":[186],"that:":[187],"(a)":[188],"protein":[192,281],"possesses":[193],"groups":[196],"its":[199,240],"inner":[200,245],"outer":[202,215,247],"surfaces.":[203],"Charges":[204,242],"surfaces":[207,248],"affect":[208,239,253],"but":[211],"those":[212],"surface":[216,223],"exert":[217],"stronger":[219],"influence.":[220],"(b)":[221],"Negative":[222],"charges":[224,277],"phospholipid":[228],"are":[229,263],"close":[230],"enough":[231],"channel's":[234],"machinery":[236],"substantially":[238],"operation.":[241],"symmetrically.":[255],"(c)":[256],"Effects":[257],"steady-state":[259],"activation":[262],"consistent":[264],"with":[265],"simple":[267],"superposition":[268],"contributions":[270],"local":[273],"electrostatic":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}