{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145606809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12046","title":"Early Tracking and the Misfortune of Being Young","display_name":"Early Tracking and the Misfortune of Being Young","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145606809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12046","mag":"2145606809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/sjoe.12046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165253824","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0347-0520","issn":["0347-0520","1467-9442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030302376","display_name":"Nicole E. Schneeweis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4450-1985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4450-1985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Schneeweis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Linz  A\u20104040 Linz Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Linz  A\u20104040 Linz Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084490808","display_name":"Martina Zweim\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-0779","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7474-0779"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Zweim\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Linz  A\u20104040 Linz Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Linz  A\u20104040 Linz Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":{"value":3470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.5408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99556077,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"2","first_page":"394","last_page":"428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-age-effect","display_name":"relative age effect","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-tracking","display_name":"educational tracking","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-schooling","display_name":"early schooling","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/austria","display_name":"Austria","score":0.3179999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778767146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20811862","display_name":"Misfortune","level":3,"score":0.7832902669906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6581282615661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6528278589248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5100477337837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.5049191117286682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.45771872997283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4514436423778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.444401353597641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4401851296424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17320650815963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12379086017608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.08495104312896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08413428068161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/sjoe.12046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165253824","display_name":"Scandinavian Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0347-0520","issn":["0347-0520","1467-9442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Scandinavian Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:scandj:v:116:y:2014:i:2:p:394-428","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/sjoe.12046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143592654","https://openalex.org/W193637502","https://openalex.org/W258219816","https://openalex.org/W1481828421","https://openalex.org/W1489807332","https://openalex.org/W1530969311","https://openalex.org/W1543851586","https://openalex.org/W1570214655","https://openalex.org/W1581086549","https://openalex.org/W1581642483","https://openalex.org/W1597774618","https://openalex.org/W1684538006","https://openalex.org/W1970636309","https://openalex.org/W1974134050","https://openalex.org/W1974841105","https://openalex.org/W1991444595","https://openalex.org/W2029346793","https://openalex.org/W2029474451","https://openalex.org/W2033015685","https://openalex.org/W2042870997","https://openalex.org/W2044107507","https://openalex.org/W2052317655","https://openalex.org/W2053350546","https://openalex.org/W2066547796","https://openalex.org/W2076356323","https://openalex.org/W2077269009","https://openalex.org/W2098176411","https://openalex.org/W2099400515","https://openalex.org/W2110704053","https://openalex.org/W2115585814","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2143218680","https://openalex.org/W2144579284","https://openalex.org/W2155781908","https://openalex.org/W2159200082","https://openalex.org/W2160329786","https://openalex.org/W2165086025","https://openalex.org/W2890297801","https://openalex.org/W3021831720","https://openalex.org/W3121137352","https://openalex.org/W3121468347","https://openalex.org/W3121557545","https://openalex.org/W3121761255","https://openalex.org/W3122008562","https://openalex.org/W3122436209","https://openalex.org/W3124594399","https://openalex.org/W3124658416","https://openalex.org/W3125200205","https://openalex.org/W3125235408","https://openalex.org/W3126097522","https://openalex.org/W4247464931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098702229","https://openalex.org/W7099251248","https://openalex.org/W7214711517","https://openalex.org/W4408158809","https://openalex.org/W4404556552","https://openalex.org/W4315488055","https://openalex.org/W2948606100","https://openalex.org/W2296170909","https://openalex.org/W4220781415","https://openalex.org/W2917715312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recent":[1],"research":[2],"suggests":[3],"that":[4,22],"the":[5,27,36,56],"relative":[6],"age":[7,57,80],"of":[8,29,58],"a":[9,12,15,45,68],"student":[10],"within":[11],"grade":[13,53,64,84],"has":[14],"causal":[16,37],"effect":[17,24,39,72,81],"on":[18,40,73],"educational":[19],"achievement,":[20],"and":[21,61,92],"this":[23,32],"fades":[25],"with":[26],"duration":[28],"schooling.":[30],"In":[31],"study,":[33],"we":[34],"estimate":[35],"relative\u2010age":[38,71],"track":[41,74],"choice":[42,75],"in":[43,52,63,76,94],"Austria,":[44],"country":[46],"where":[47],"students":[48,87,93],"are":[49],"first":[50],"tracked":[51],"5":[54],"(at":[55],"10":[59],"years),":[60],"again":[62],"9.":[65],"We":[66],"find":[67],"strong":[69],"positive":[70],"grades":[77],"5\u20138.":[78],"The":[79],"persists":[82],"beyond":[83],"8":[85],"for":[86],"from":[88],"less\u2010favorable":[89],"socioeconomic":[90],"backgrounds":[91],"urban":[95],"areas.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}