{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145504141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12107","title":"Reduction in facial hyperpigmentation after treatment with a combination of topical niacinamide and tranexamic acid: a randomized, double\u2010blind, vehicle\u2010controlled trial","display_name":"Reduction in facial hyperpigmentation after treatment with a combination of topical niacinamide and tranexamic acid: a randomized, double\u2010blind, vehicle\u2010controlled trial","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145504141","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12107","mag":"2145504141","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/srt.12107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145688728","display_name":"Skin Research and Technology","issn_l":"0909-752X","issn":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Skin Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102453610","display_name":"Do Hyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4565-2385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4565-2385"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do Hyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrex technology R&amp;D center Seoul South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrex technology R&amp;D center Seoul South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"In Young Oh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In Young Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041070116","display_name":"Kyo-Tan Koo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyo Tan Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nutrex technology R&amp;D center Seoul South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nutrex technology R&amp;D center Seoul South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028042565","display_name":"Jang Mi Suk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jang Mi Suk","raw_affiliation_strings":["P&amp;K Skin Research Center Seoul South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P&amp;K Skin Research Center Seoul South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051920121","display_name":"Sang Wook Jung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Wook Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["P&amp;K Skin Research Center Seoul South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P&amp;K Skin Research Center Seoul South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044446159","display_name":"Jin Oh Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Oh Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daebong LS, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daebong LS, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661074","display_name":"Beom Joon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-7621","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-7621","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-3012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153376","display_name":"Chung-Ang University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4mh63","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376","https://openalex.org/I4405261496","https://openalex.org/I67900169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beom Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755","Address:","Beom Joon Kim","Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital","South Korea","Tel: +82 2 6299 1525"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"224-1 Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Address:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beom Joon Kim","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"South Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel: +82 2 6299 1525","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111954288","display_name":"Yoo Mi Choi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoo Mi Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacificpharma, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacificpharma, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100661074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153376","https://openalex.org/I67900169"],"apc_list":{"value":2910,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2910},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7661,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65723124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"208","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.04390000179409981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-hyperpigmentation","display_name":"facial hyperpigmentation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotinamide","display_name":"nicotinamide","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tranexamic-acid","display_name":"tranexamic acid","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-lightening-products","display_name":"skin whitening products","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexameter","display_name":"Mexameter","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromameter","display_name":"chromameter","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen","display_name":"sunscreen","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-women","display_name":"Asian women","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909408332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192423","display_name":"Niacinamide","level":4,"score":0.9763093590736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8166733384132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779637338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418666","display_name":"Tranexamic acid","level":3,"score":0.7620978355407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776728111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641068","display_name":"Hyperpigmentation","level":2,"score":0.7284665703773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.6605060696601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.5109459757804871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780846639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749115","display_name":"Phototype","level":2,"score":0.4659384787082672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.46334514021873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776677263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305190","display_name":"Melasma","level":2,"score":0.4556579291820526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.35102379322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192423","display_name":"Nicotinamide","level":3,"score":0.12165158987045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991743468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166019","display_name":"Blood loss","level":2,"score":0.11469051241874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10977092385292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000287","descriptor_name":"Administration, Topical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000933","descriptor_name":"Antifibrinolytic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003692","descriptor_name":"Delayed-Action Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003879","descriptor_name":"Dermatologic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004338","descriptor_name":"Drug Combinations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004643","descriptor_name":"Emollients","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005148","descriptor_name":"Facial Dermatoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005148","descriptor_name":"Facial Dermatoses","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009536","descriptor_name":"Niacinamide","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014148","descriptor_name":"Tranexamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014803","descriptor_name":"Vitamin B Complex","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017495","descriptor_name":"Hyperpigmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017495","descriptor_name":"Hyperpigmentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063465","descriptor_name":"Skin Cream","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/srt.12107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145688728","display_name":"Skin Research and Technology","issn_l":"0909-752X","issn":["0909-752X","1600-0846"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Skin Research and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24033822","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24033822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321640","display_name":"Ministry of Knowledge Economy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62746491","https://openalex.org/W1953070490","https://openalex.org/W2025221736","https://openalex.org/W2027233384","https://openalex.org/W2032703654","https://openalex.org/W2050309460","https://openalex.org/W2074923371","https://openalex.org/W2075743293","https://openalex.org/W2095289520","https://openalex.org/W2126273158","https://openalex.org/W2135737980","https://openalex.org/W2137451512","https://openalex.org/W2164721645","https://openalex.org/W2167621954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025221736","https://openalex.org/W2385216935","https://openalex.org/W4247576816","https://openalex.org/W4367174028","https://openalex.org/W2982232673","https://openalex.org/W3107785778","https://openalex.org/W2095289520","https://openalex.org/W2087382008","https://openalex.org/W4402994050","https://openalex.org/W3161593569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Facial":[1],"hyperpigmentation":[2],"occurs":[3],"in":[4,86,121,138,166],"multiple":[5],"conditions.":[6],"In":[7],"addition,":[8],"many":[9],"Asian":[10],"women":[11,69],"desire":[12],"a":[13,20,44,51,94,99,134],"lighter":[14],"skin":[15,26],"color.":[16],"Thus,":[17],"there":[18],"is":[19],"need":[21],"for":[22,55,89],"the":[23,41,161,168,176,183],"development":[24],"of":[25,43,46,57,66,97,170,178,185],"lightening":[27],"agents,":[28],"and":[29,31,48,136],"niacinamide":[30,47,104,148,179],"tranexamic":[32],"acid":[33],"(TXA)":[34],"are":[35],"promising":[36],"candidates.":[37],"OBJECTIVE:":[38],"To":[39],"assess":[40],"effectiveness":[42],"combination":[45,177],"TXA":[49,107,150,181],"as":[50],"topical":[52],"moisturizing":[53,100],"formulation":[54,151,164,174],"treatment":[56],"irregular":[58,186],"facial":[59],"pigmentation.":[60,171],"MATERIALS":[61],"AND":[62],"METHODS:":[63],"A":[64,173],"total":[65],"42":[67],"Korean":[68],"(age":[70],"range:":[71],"30-60":[72],"years)":[73],"who":[74],"were":[75,84],"not":[76],"pregnant,":[77],"nursing,":[78],"or":[79,113],"undergoing":[80],"any":[81],"concurrent":[82],"therapy":[83],"enrolled":[85],"this":[87],"study":[88],"8":[90],"weeks.":[91],"Subjects":[92],"used":[93],"twice-daily":[95],"regimen":[96,152,165],"either":[98],"cream":[101,114],"containing":[102,175],"2%":[103,106],"+":[105,149,180],"(test":[108],"formulation;":[109],"n":[110,118],"=":[111,119],"21)":[112,120],"vehicles":[115],"(vehicle":[116],"control;":[117],"addition":[122,139],"to":[123,140],"an":[124,189],"assigned":[125],"sunscreen":[126],"each":[127],"morning.":[128],"Pigmentation":[129],"was":[130,153],"measured":[131],"objectively":[132],"using":[133,143],"mexameter":[135],"chromameter,":[137],"physicians'":[141],"assessment":[142],"clinical":[144],"photographs.":[145],"RESULTS:":[146],"The":[147],"significantly":[154],"(P":[155],"<":[156],"0.05)":[157],"more":[158],"effective":[159],"than":[160],"vehicle":[162],"control":[163],"reducing":[167],"appearance":[169,184],"CONCLUSION:":[172],"reduced":[182],"pigmentation,":[187],"providing":[188],"effect":[190],"beyond":[191],"that":[192],"achieved":[193],"with":[194],"sunscreen.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
