{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145482129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258","title":"Specificity of Learning: Why Infants Fall Over a Veritable Cliff","display_name":"Specificity of Learning: Why Infants Fall Over a Veritable Cliff","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145482129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258","mag":"2145482129","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11273387"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58854535","display_name":"Psychological Science","issn_l":"0956-7976","issn":["0956-7976","1467-9280"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042303513","display_name":"Karen E. Adolph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-134X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-134X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karen E. Adolph","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University","Psychology Department, New York University, 6 Washington Pl., Room 401, New York, NY 10003, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, New York University, 6 Washington Pl., Room 401, New York, NY 10003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042303513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":257,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97348852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"290","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.6747999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.6747999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12241","display_name":"Children's Physical and Motor Development","score":0.19480000436306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.06880000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-development","display_name":"infant development","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postural-stability","display_name":"postural stability","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avoidance-behavior","display_name":"avoidance behavior","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaching-behavior","display_name":"reaching behavior","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sitting-posture","display_name":"sitting posture","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postural-control","display_name":"postural control","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fear-of-heights","display_name":"fear of heights","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-perception","display_name":"depth perception","score":0.6859999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7492759227752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100368936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725","display_name":"Crawling","level":2,"score":0.5753687620162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776370487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144593","display_name":"Sitting","level":2,"score":0.5554978847503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4727284014225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.44397473335266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.4133703112602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.39629995822906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37520062923431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10593843460083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001362","descriptor_name":"Avoidance Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001362","descriptor_name":"Avoidance Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001362","descriptor_name":"Avoidance Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002666","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002666","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002666","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008124","descriptor_name":"Locomotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58854535","display_name":"Psychological Science","issn_l":"0956-7976","issn":["0956-7976","1467-9280"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","fnege-2","ft50","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11273387","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11273387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychological science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.610.482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.610.482","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.uncw.edu/hungerforda/Graduate Developmental/pdf/adolph2000.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2453009117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD33486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6932955829","display_name":"Flexibility of Learning in Infant Skill Acquisition","funder_award_id":"R37HD033486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122655636","https://openalex.org/W197965356","https://openalex.org/W593323072","https://openalex.org/W609247959","https://openalex.org/W1698657956","https://openalex.org/W1966486639","https://openalex.org/W1980886912","https://openalex.org/W2005634207","https://openalex.org/W2015213118","https://openalex.org/W2019949229","https://openalex.org/W2025823905","https://openalex.org/W2030420333","https://openalex.org/W2043052833","https://openalex.org/W2072474480","https://openalex.org/W2080362357","https://openalex.org/W2085068015","https://openalex.org/W2086069828","https://openalex.org/W2090748617","https://openalex.org/W2094587780","https://openalex.org/W2108766544","https://openalex.org/W2146958505","https://openalex.org/W2164847391","https://openalex.org/W2315857866","https://openalex.org/W2525239796","https://openalex.org/W3163890354","https://openalex.org/W3211720443","https://openalex.org/W4254162675","https://openalex.org/W4313371762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159160623","https://openalex.org/W2062889999","https://openalex.org/W7163756713","https://openalex.org/W2766402493","https://openalex.org/W4387036527","https://openalex.org/W2084278446","https://openalex.org/W3044827576","https://openalex.org/W2028734328","https://openalex.org/W2278536907","https://openalex.org/W4362633090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nine-month-old":[0],"infants":[1],"were":[2,22],"tested":[3],"at":[4],"the":[5,13,45,58,97,101,115,136],"precipice":[6],"of":[7,15,109,114,125],"safe":[8],"and":[9,19,31,81,131],"risky":[10,42,51],"gaps":[11,43,52],"in":[12,24,44,57,66,112,141],"surface":[14,117],"support.":[16],"Their":[17],"reaching":[18,40],"avoidance":[20,85,108],"responses":[21,86],"compared":[23],"two":[25],"postures,":[26],"an":[27],"experienced":[28],"sitting":[29,46],"posture":[30,47,67],"a":[32,75,110],"less":[33],"familiar":[34],"crawling":[35,59],"posture.":[36,60],"The":[37],"babies":[38],"avoided":[39],"over":[41],"but":[48],"fell":[49],"into":[50],"while":[53],"attempting":[54],"to":[55,96],"reach":[56],"This":[61],"dissociation":[62],"between":[63,128],"developmental":[64],"changes":[65],"suggests":[68],"that":[69,107,135],"(a)":[70],"each":[71],"postural":[72,93],"milestone":[73],"represents":[74],"different,":[76],"modularly":[77],"organized":[78],"control":[79],"system":[80],"(b)":[82],"infants'":[83],"adaptive":[84],"are":[87],"based":[88],"on":[89,119],"information":[90,130],"about":[91],"their":[92],"stability":[94],"relative":[95],"gap":[98],"size.":[99],"Moreover,":[100],"results":[102],"belie":[103],"previous":[104],"accounts":[105],"suggesting":[106],"disparity":[111],"depth":[113,129],"ground":[116],"depends":[118],"general":[120],"knowledge":[121,134],"such":[122],"as":[123],"fear":[124],"heights,":[126],"associations":[127],"falling,":[132],"or":[133],"body":[137],"cannot":[138],"be":[139],"supported":[140],"empty":[142],"space.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
